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A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines in the same location. They generate wind-powered electricity. Production varies with the wind. Individual turbines are interconnected with a medium voltage (usually 34.5kV) collection system and fiber optic communications network. This medium-voltage electricity is then stepped up with a transformer to a high voltage transmission system and the electric grid. A proposed solution for wind energy and other intermittent power sources is to create a supergrid of interconnected wind farms[1] across western Europe. This large-scale array of dispersed wind farms[2] would be located in different wind regimes. Horizontal-axis wind turbine, the Enercon model E-66 wind energy converter, in Germany. ...
Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ...
An example of a wind turbine. ...
Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ...
An example of a wind turbine. ...
Intermittent power sources are sources of electric power generation that may be variable or intermittent, primarily sources of renewable energy such as wind and solar generated electricity. ...
The borders of Western Europe were largely defined by the Cold War. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 746 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 746 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free...
The 21st century is the present century of the Anno Domini (common) era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ...
The California Central Valley Part of the Valley as seen from overhead A typical Central Valley scene at ground level The California Central Valley is a large, flat valley that dominates the central portion of the U.S. state of California. ...
Wind capacity installed and under construction by country
| Region | Installed Wind Capacity (MW) | Wind Capacity Under Construction (MW) | | Australia[3] | 817 | 521 | | Canada[4] | 1,341 | | | Europe[5] | 48,000 | | | India[6] | 7,113.6 | | | New Zealand[7] | 320 | 151 | | United States | 11,699[8] | 4,500[9] | | Total[10] | 74,223 | |
Wind farms in Australia - See: Wind power in Australia, Wind power in South Australia
At the end of 2006, Australia had installed electricity generation capacity from wind power of 817 MW[11] and nationally wind farms contributed about 1% of total electricity production. In the state of South Australia, this figure was much higher at 9.2% (2005). Australian wind farms produce on average capacity factors of 30-35%, making wind an attractive option in the country.[12] Wind power in Australia is clean and renewable and a typical wind turbine can meet the energy needs of up to 1000 homes. ...
The information centre near the base of one of the towers at Wattle Point Wind Farm Wind power in South Australia is a growing industry with 388MW of grid-connected wind farms installed at the end of 2006, with a further 263MW under construction. ...
The capacity factor of a power plant is the amount of electricity that it produces over a period of time, divided by the amount of electricity it could have produced if it had run at full power over that time period. ...
Some of the largest wind farms in Australia are:
- Wattle Point (SA) - 90.75MW
- Alinta/Walkaway (WA) - 90MW
- Lake Bonney (stage 1) (SA) - 80.5MW
- Cathedral Rocks (SA) - 66MW
- Emu Downs Wind Farm, Western Australia (WA) - 80MW
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Edithburgh, South Australia. ...
Alinta Wind Farm Alinta Wind Farm is a wind power station at Walkaway, just south of Geraldton, Western Australia. ...
Cathedral Rocks Wind Farm is a wind power station at Port Lincoln, South Australia. ...
The 80 MW Emu Downs Wind Farm ( ) is a joint development between Stanwell Corporation and Griffin Energy and construction of the $180 million project commenced in November 2005. ...
Wind farms in Brazil Brazil is one of the countries that is expanding its wind power production the fastest [13]
The Location of Brazil's Wind Farms:
- São Gonçalo do Amarante/CE (10 Turbines)
- Prainha de Aquiraz-CE (20 Turbines)
- Mucuripe-CE (4 Turbines)
- Fernando de Noronha Island-PE 1&2 (2 Turbines)
- Olinda-PE 1&2 (2 Turbines)
- Morro do Camelinho-MG (4 Turbines)
- Palmas-PR (5 Turbines)
- Osório-RS (? Turbines)
Aerial view of the island from the north east Image:Orthographic projection centred over Fernando de Noronha Fernando de Noronha is an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, around 220 miles (354 km) offshore from the Brazilian coast. ...
Palmas is the capital of the state of Tocantins, in Brazil. ...
Wind farms in Canada - See also: List of wind farms in Canada
The total capacity of all wind farms in Canada is approximately 1,492 MW as of February 2006 [14]. Each province and territory contains the following capacity (rounded to one decimal): This is a list of wind farms in Canada. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1298x596, 97 KB) Huron Wind Taken by User:Jok2000 July 31, 2004 in Tiverton, Ontario Canada File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Wind farm Huron Wind Metadata...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1298x596, 97 KB) Huron Wind Taken by User:Jok2000 July 31, 2004 in Tiverton, Ontario Canada File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Wind farm Huron Wind Metadata...
Huron Wind wind farm Huron Wind is the first Canadian commercial wind farm. ...
Tiverton, Ontario (2001 census population 743) is a village located in the Canadian province of Ontario. ...
Vestas is a Danish company that designs, manufactures, and sells wind turbines. ...
- Ontario, 415.3 MW,
- Alberta, 385.0 MW,
- Quebec, 321.8 MW,
- Saskatchewan, 171.2 MW,
- Manitoba, 104.0 MW,
- Nova Scotia, 49.3 MW,
- Prince Edward Island, 43.6 MW,
- Yukon, 0.8 MW, and then
- Newfoundland, 0.4 MW.
There are currently no operating wind farms in British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nunavut (territory), or the Northwest Territories. Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked...
Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked...
Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation...
Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area...
This article is about the Canadian province. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ...
Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour Without Sunset (diminishment)) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area Ranked 5th - Total 944,735...
Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st...
Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Government - Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson - Premier Paul Okalik (Consensus government) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) - Senate seats 1 (Willie Adams) Confederation...
For other geographical names that include Northwest, see Northwest. ...
The five largest wind farms in Canada are:
- Prince Project - Phase I&II (Ontario), 189 MW
- Murdochville Project - Phase I&II&III (Quebec), 162 MW
- Centennial (SaskPower near Swift Current, Saskatchewan), 149.4 MW
- Erie Shores (Ontario), 99 MW
- St Leon - Phase 2 (Manitoba), 84 MW
Government support for wind power continues to increase. The current Wind Power Production Incentive (WPPI)[15] is expected to quadruple its goal of 1,000 MW of wind power to 4,000 MW. There is an additional 2,811 MW planned or under construction. Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
SaskPower is the principal supplier of electricity in Saskatchewan, Canada. ...
Swift Current is a small city in Southwest Saskatchewan. ...
Erie Shores Wind Farm is a large wind farm near Port Burwell, Ontario. ...
Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked...
Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation...
The Wind Power Production Incentive, or WPPI, is a program of the Canadian Government that promotes the generation of electricity from wind power in Canada to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas that would otherwise enter the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels. ...
Wind farms in Europe - See Wind power in the European Union
The development of wind farms in Europe enjoys greater public acceptance and creates a larger share of energy. Germany has the biggest wind turbine to be established offshore, and the largest number of wind farms in the world. Its installed capacity was 20,622 MW as of december 2006. The second country in capacity was Spain with 11,615 MW. The third one was Denmark with 3,136 MW. Italy was in the fourth position, with 2,123 MW. [16] The market for European wind power capacity grew in 2006, according to statistics from the European Wind Energy Association. ...
Download high resolution version (1024x357, 49 KB)Danish wind turbines near Copenhagen. ...
Download high resolution version (1024x357, 49 KB)Danish wind turbines near Copenhagen. ...
For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (820x362, 52 KB)Windpark in Calicia, Spain. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (820x362, 52 KB)Windpark in Calicia, Spain. ...
Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
Overall national government policies across Europe are also generally in favour of increasing the use of renewable energy sources. The United Kingdom government, for example, has a target for 10% of domestic energy consumption to be generated from renewable sources by the year 2010. A number of on- and off-shore wind farms are currently going through planning permission at the moment. Recently an onshore farm was opened at Cefn Croes in West Wales's Cambrian Mountains [17]. In May 2006, operational wind farms in wind farms in the UK comprised an installed capacity of 1693 MW, in Portugal 1188 MW [18], in France 918 MW and in the Republic of Ireland 496 MW. The planned 322 MW wind farm south of Glasgow will be the biggest wind farm in Europe. The €350 million farm is ordered by Scottish Power and the 140 wind turbines are to be delivered by Siemens. Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides and geothermal heat. ...
2010 (MMX) will be a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Main article: Town and Country Planning in the United Kingdom Planning permission or planning consent is the permission required in the United Kingdom in order to be allowed to build on land, or change the use of land or buildings. ...
CEFN CROES WIND FARM Cefn Croes, the site of a controversial wind farm project, is in the Cambrian Mountains, just south of the A44 road between Aberystwyth and Llangurig. ...
This article is about the country. ...
The Cambrian Mountains are a mountain range in Mid Wales, reaching from the Brecon Beacons in South Wales to Snowdonia in North Wales. ...
Wind power in the United Kingdom passed the milestone of 2 GW installed capacity on 9 February 2007, equivalent to two coal fired power stations, with the opening of the Braes ODoune wind farm, near Stirling. ...
For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ...
Scottish Power Limited is a vertically integrated energy company with its headquarters in Glasgow, Scotland, and a subsidiary of the Spanish utility Iberdrola. ...
“Siemens†redirects here. ...
On 18th December 2006, the British government gave planning consent for the world's largest offshore wind farm. It is to be built 12 miles off of the Kent coast and will include 341 turbines. Parts of the 'London Array', as it is called, have already been constructed and are operational. The Kent coat of arms For other uses, see Kent (disambiguation). ...
The London Array is an offshore wind farm that has been granted planning permission for the outer Thames Estuary. ...
Wind farms in different countries yield different amounts of electricity, because of differences in prevailing wind patterns, siting of the turbines, and the fact that early turbine designs were considerably less efficient and capable of adapting quickly to changes in wind direction and speed. For example, an Oxford University study of the wind over the past 35 years found that UK turbines would have produced 27% of their peak power generating capacity, compared with 20% in Denmark and 15% in Germany.[19]
An important limiting factor of wind power is variable power generated by wind farms. In most locations the wind blows only part of the time, which means that there has to be back-up capacity of conventional generating capacity to cover periods that the wind is not blowing. To address this issue it has been proposed to create a supergrid of interconnected windfarms across western Europe, ranging from Denmark across the southern North Sea to England and the Celtic Sea to Ireland, and further south to France and Spain especially in Higueruela which was considered for some time the biggest wind farm in the world.[20]. The idea is that by the time a low pressure area has moved away from Denmark to the Baltic Sea the next low appears of the coast of Ireland. Therefore, while it is true that the wind is not blowing everywhere all of the time, it will always be blowing somewhere. Such a supergrid would therefore reduce the need for backup capacity. Intermittent power sources are sources of electric power generation that may be variable or intermittent, primarily sources of renewable energy such as wind and solar generated electricity. ...
The borders of Western Europe were largely defined by the Cold War. ...
The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
Map of the Celtic Sea, an arm of the Atlantic. ...
La Higueruela in red Higueruela is a municipality located at 43km east of Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. ...
A large low-pressure system swirls off the southwestern coast of Iceland, illustrating the maxim that nature abhors a vacuum. ...
The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ...
Wind farms in India - See Wind power in India
At the end of 2007 India had 7113.6 MW of wind generating capacity and is the fourth largest market in the world.[21] There are about a dozen wind pumps of various designs providing water for agriculture, afforestation, and domestic purposes, all scattered over the country. The states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra lead in the field of wind energy.[citation needed][opinion needs balancing] As of April 2007 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 7,113. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x474, 107 KB) [edit] Summary File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Nagercoil Aralvaimozhi Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x474, 107 KB) [edit] Summary File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Nagercoil Aralvaimozhi Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
Muppandal (Tamil: à®®à¯à®ªà¯à®ªà®¨à¯à®¤à®²à¯)is a small village on the southern tip of India in Kanyakumari District, in the state of Tamil Nadu. ...
Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...
Afforestation is the process of converting open land into a forest by planting trees or their seeds. ...
Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...
, KarnÄtakÄ (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ...
, Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराषà¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤° , IPA: , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ...
POV, as opposed to NPOV, in an article means that it is affected by an editors point of view. ...
Wind farms in Japan
 Wakamatsu wind farm, Kitakyushu, Japan There is no particular controversy about the sightliness or otherwise of the Wakamatsu ward windfarm in Kitakyushu, as there is in some other countries. It is far from the scenic areas of Wakamatsu, and on windy reclaimed land. Asahi Shimbun reported on May 18, 2005 that many utilities have put limits on the amount of wind power they will allow, because of lack of confidence in their ability to deal with the variable output. It should be noted that several European countries are successfully accommodating significantly higher shares of wind energy in to their networks and that the Japanese grid is capable of coping with large conventional power stations disconnecting unexpectedly due to faults; on the other hand, it is true that integrating windpower or unreliable conventional power stations in to island grids is more difficult than into continent-wide inter-connected grids. Wakamatsu wind farm on the coast harnesses wind energy and converts it into electricity. ...
Wakamatsu wind farm on the coast harnesses wind energy and converts it into electricity. ...
Wakamatsu is one of the wards of Kitakyushu city. ...
Kitakyushu , literally North Kyūshū) is a city located in Fukuoka prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan. ...
is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Wind farms in New Zealand New Zealand (the Saudi Arabia of wind) is located in the 'roaring 40s' and has an abundant wind energy resource. Genesis Energy built the Hau Nui wind farm in 1996 and is located south east of Martinborough on the coastal road to White Rock. The Brooklyn Wind Turbine was installed on the top of a hill in Brooklyn, Wellington in March 1993 as part of a research project commissioned by the now defunct Electricity Corporation of New Zealand. Meridian Energy recently applied for, and obtained with conditions, resource consent to build a consignment of wind farms in the rural Makara Hill area west of Wellington. Meridian Energy have finished the Te Apiti Wind Farm on the Ruahine Ranges. It can be seen clearly at Ashurst near Palmerston North. Meridian Energy have started construction of the White Hill wind farm at Mossburn, between Te Anau, Gore and Invercargill in the South Island. Trust Power purchased the Tararua wind farm from Tararua Wind Power Limited. It is on the Tararua Ranges behind Palmerston North. Genesis Power Limited is a New Zealand electricity generation and electricity retailing company. ...
Martinborough is the name of a town in South Wairarapa, a district in the Wellington region on the North Island of New Zealand. ...
For the first Duke of Wellington, see Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. ...
The Electricity Corporation of New Zealand Ltd (ECNZ) is a New Zealand State-Owned Enterprise formed on April 1, 1987 as a transition entity in the process of deregulating the New Zealand Electricity Market. ...
Meridian Energy Limited, a New Zealand-based company, performs electricity generation and electricity retailing. ...
The word Makara can refer to several different things. ...
For the first Duke of Wellington, see Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. ...
Meridian Energy Limited, a New Zealand-based company, performs electricity generation and electricity retailing. ...
Construction of the Te Apiti wind farm Te Apiti is a wind farm owned and operated by Meridian Energy Limited. ...
Ashurst is a village on the edge of Southampton and the boundary of the New Forest National Park in in Hampshire, England. ...
Palmerston North (MÄori: ) is the main city of the Manawatu-Wanganui region of the North Island of New Zealand. ...
Meridian Energy Limited, a New Zealand-based company, performs electricity generation and electricity retailing. ...
North Island New Zealand and position of Tararua Range Clem Creek flowing into the Waiohine River View from Mt Holdsworth The Tararua Range (often referred to as the Tararua Ranges) is one of several mountain ranges in the North Island of New Zealand which form a ridge running parallel with...
Palmerston North (MÄori: ) is the main city of the Manawatu-Wanganui region of the North Island of New Zealand. ...
Wind farms in South Africa The first commercial wind farm in South Africa is being constructed 13km's outside Darling in the Western Cape on farm Windhoek. The first phase will consist of four 1.3MW turbines supplied by Fuhrlander, Germany. The total power generated estimated at 5.2MW will be put into the national grid at 66kV. It has taken the developer Herman Oelsner 10 years to achieve his dream of being the first privatised wind farm in South Africa. There has been enormous concerns regarding environmetal and avaition some of which still need to be resolved. DWP ( Darling Wind Power ) will be responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the wind farm under a watchful eye from Germany. Various stake holders from international to Local have invested in the project which could only benefit an already over extended power producer in South Africa namely Eskom.
Additionally, Klipheuwel wind farm, the first wind farm in sub-Saharan Africa, comprises three turbines – a Vestas V66 with 1.75 MW output, a Vestas V47 with 660 kW output and a Jeumont J48 with 750 kW output, giving a total output of almost 3.2 MW. dylan cox i cool
Wind farms in the United States - See Wind power in the United States
The United States is the third country in the world in terms of wind power installed capacity, after Germany and Spain. As of december 2006, its wind farms had a combined capacity of 11,603 MW. [22] The largest wind farm in the U.S. -- and the largest in the world -- is Florida Power & Light's Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center, located in Taylor County, Texas. The Horse Hollow project operates 421 wind turbines and has a capacity of 735 megawatts. [1] Prior to Horse Hollow's completion, the largest U.S. wind farm was the Stateline Wind Project on the Oregon-Washington line, with a peak capacity of 300 megawatts of electricity (although the three California wind farms mentioned are larger, they are actually collections of dozens of individual wind farms). The California wind farms have many different owners and turbine types and have been constructed, retrofitted and occasionally dismantled since they were first installed in late 1982. As of 2005 all three of these areas are seeing renewed growth. Primarily, the old, small wind turbines are being replaced with much larger, more efficient wind turbines. Some of the workhorses of the past were only 65 kilowatts (kW) in capacity size or even smaller, though some were several hundred kW. Today, the smallest utility-scale wind turbines are about 700 kW, with a few models approaching 5,000 kW (5 MW). Secondarily, non-functional turbines are also being returned to service. Map of available wind power over the United States. ...
Florida Power & Light Company, the principal subsidary of FPL Group, Inc. ...
Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center is the worlds largest wind farm at 735. ...
Taylor County is a county located in the state of Texas. ...
The Stateline Wind Project is a wind farm straddling the border between Oregon and Washington. ...
2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The kilowatt (symbol: kW) is a unit for measuring power, equal to one thousand watts. ...
Northern California is one of the earliest large wind farms. It is composed of large numbers of relatively small wind turbines of various types that were installed after the 1970s energy crisis in response to favorable tax policies for investors. However, the types of incentives the government uses have led to an unhealthy cycle of booms and busts for the wind energy industry. The problems were not so much with the wind turbines themselves. Only a few of the turbine designs were fatally flawed and almost all of the others were able to be rehabilitated into excellent machines. Still, these numerous small turbines are being gradually replaced with much larger and more cost-effective units. An advantage of the Altamont Pass Wind Farm is that under hot inland (Central Valley) conditions, a thermal low is developed that brings in cool coastal marine air, driving the turbines at a time of maximum electricity demand. However, this phenomenon is not always reliable and with an inland high pressure condition the entire region can be both hot and windless. At this time additional power must be provided by natural gas-powered gas turbine peaker plants. Solano County has one of the five major wind farms in California and has integrated the most advanced wind power technology anywhere in the United States. From 2003 to 2006, dozens of state-of-the-art turbines were installed at the Montezuma Hills near the Sacramento River delta. Eight of the turbines, at 415 feet tall, are the largest in the United States--and are 110 feet taller than the Statue of Liberty. These 3-megawatt Vestas wind turbines each produce enough power to meet the annual needs of more than 1,000 households. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 707 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 707 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free...
A tall tower holds a wind turbine aloft where winds are consistently stronger. ...
Solano County is a county located in central California, about halfway between San Francisco and Sacramento. ...
Northern California, sometimes referred to as NorCal, is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. ...
This article is about energy crises in general. ...
The Altamont Pass Wind Farm is one of the earliest in the United States. ...
This article is about Californias Central Valley. ...
For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ...
This machine has a single-stage centrifugal compressor and turbine, a recuperator, and foil bearings. ...
Peaker power plants are power plants that generally run only when there is a high demand, known as peak demand, for electricity. ...
Solano County is a county located in central California, about halfway between San Francisco and Sacramento. ...
The Montezuma Hills form a small range of low-elevation hills at the northern banks of the Sacramento River Delta in Solano County, California. ...
The Sacramento River is the longest river in the U.S. state of California. ...
For other monuments to freedom, see Monument of Liberty. ...
Vestas is a Danish company that designs, manufactures, and sells wind turbines. ...
 Numerous small and fast turning wind turbines at Tehachapi Pass. ( U.S.) Today's turbines are larger and spaced farther apart, as that has proven to be a more cost-effective approach. The Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm and San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm sites have not had the same problems as Altamont Pass has had. The winds at these sites are more consistent. Also, endangered bird kills have not been an issue. Wind towers at Tehachapi Pass, California This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder. ...
Tehachapi Pass Tehachapi Pass (elevation 3793 ft/1156 m, location 35°06′08″ N 118°16′58″ W) is a mountain pass in southern California in the United States. ...
Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm The east and south area of the Tehachapi Pass has one of Californias larger Wind farms, generating electricity. ...
The San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm is the most famous sight on San Gorgonio Pass on its eastern slope, as it marks the gateway into the Coachella Valley. ...
Even though California has some of the largest wind farms in the U.S., it does not have very many commercially viable wind farm sites, at least not onshore. Much of the Southwest is not much better, although there are some significant exceptions. The Great Plains states have an abundance of suitable sites for wind energy development[23] however the region's potential is still largely untapped. Iowa and Minnesota are leading the Midwest in the development of wind energy with their combined capacities expected to reach 2,000 MW in 2007. The Pacific Northwest and the Northeast both have many excellent sites as well. In contrast, the Southeast has a very poor wind energy resource, though the Appalachian Mountains do provide a few good areas. Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...
The Great Plains covers much of the central United States, portions of Canada and Mexico. ...
The Midwest is a common name for a region of the United States of America. ...
The Pacific Northwest from space The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ...
The U.S. Northeast is a region of the United States of America defined by the US Census Bureau. ...
Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...
Appalachians in North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ...
195 'Vestas' wind turbines create a 320MW wind farm. The turbines operate at 14 RPM to generate profit for this rural Northern NY area. The new Maple Ridge Wind Farm near Lowville, NY is the second largest wind farm in the USA. The name was changed to honor the production of Maple Syrup from this region of Northern New York. More information is available at: MapleRidgeWind.com. This site has 195 Vestas wind turbines, each with a rated capacity of 1.65MW, resulting in a rated site capacity of 320MW (equivalent to a mid-sized power plant). The site was dedicated on Sept. 26, 2006 with all but one turbine in operation (one tower was damaged in shipping and is waiting for replacement). Maple Ridge (formerly Flat Rock Wind Farm) provides about $10 million in benefit to the local community with about $2 million annual payments to 75 landowners, and $8 million in tax revenues to the region. This site has increased New York's renewable energy generation by sixfold. The project is jointly owned by PPM Energy and Horizon Wind Energy. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (900x900, 607 KB) Photo 10/7/2006 by DESIGNMAKERCOM I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (900x900, 607 KB) Photo 10/7/2006 by DESIGNMAKERCOM I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Just a few of the 120 Vestas wind turbines. ...
Lowville is a village located in Lewis County, New York. ...
“NY†redirects here. ...
Vestas is a Danish company that designs, manufactures, and sells wind turbines. ...
 Four of the 44 turbines near Thomas, WV. Horizon Wind Energy is also building the Twin Groves Wind Farm in McLean County, IL. Phase 1 is complete and Phase 2 is scheduled for completion December 2007. Upon completion, the project will consist of 240 wind turbine generators with a capacity of 1.65 MW each, for a total of 396 MW. Image File history File linksMetadata Windturbines_thomas_WV.jpg‎ Four of the 44 wind turbines near Thomas, WV; site of the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center. Together they produce 66MW. The site is owned by FPL Energy (Florida Power and Light). ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Windturbines_thomas_WV.jpg‎ Four of the 44 wind turbines near Thomas, WV; site of the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center. Together they produce 66MW. The site is owned by FPL Energy (Florida Power and Light). ...
In West Virginia the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center near Thomas has been operational since December 2002. It consists of 44 turbines generating 66MW. The site is owned by FPL Energy. Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Area Ranked 41st - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²) - Width 130 miles (210 km) - Length 240 miles (385 km) - % water 0. ...
Thomas is a city located in Tucker County, West Virginia. ...
Florida Power & Light Company, the principal subsidiary of FPL Group, Inc. ...
In Massachusetts, two proposed wind farms have had approval difficulties. The Cape Wind project, a proposal to construct 130 offshore wind turbines in the Nantucket Sound, is the subject of heavy debate[24] in the affluent communities of Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket as well as among environmentalists. The Hoosac Wind project, which will build 20 turbines on two ridgelines in the rural towns of Florida and Monroe, was initially the subject of little official controversy, but has been delayed by a suit to protect wetlands. Several other projects have been proposed for the area. This article is about the U.S. State. ...
The Cape Wind Project is a controversial proposed offshore wind farm on Horseshoe Shoal in Nantucket Sound off Cape Cod in Massachusetts (). If the project moves forward on schedule, it would become one of the first offshore wind farms in the United States. ...
Nantucket Sound is a roughly triangular area of the Atlantic Ocean offshore from the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ...
Cape Cod (or simply the Cape) is an hook-shaped peninsula nearly coextensive with Barnstable County, Massachusetts and forming the easternmost portion of the state of Massachusetts, in the Northeastern United States. ...
Map of Marthas Vineyard. ...
Nantucket is an island south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, formed of glacial moraine. ...
Florida is a town located in Berkshire County, Massachusetts. ...
Monroe is a town located in Franklin County, Massachusetts. ...
Another 40-turbine offshore wind power installation has been proposed for the ocean off Jones Beach, Long Island, New York. It has the backing of many local and national environmental groups [2] as well as the Long Island Power Authority and the Governor of New York.
In New Jersey, the country's first coastal wind farm became operational in December 2005. The Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm in Atlantic City consists of five 1.5-MW turbines. Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area Ranked 47th - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²) - Width 70 miles (110 km) - Length 150 miles (240 km) - % water 14. ...
The Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm in Atlantic City, New Jersey, is the first coastal wind farm in the United States and the first wind farm in New Jersey. ...
Map of Atlantic City in Atlantic County Coordinates: , Country United States State New Jersey County Atlantic Incorporated May 1, 1854 Government - Mayor Bob Levy Area - City 17. ...
New Mexico is home of the New Mexico Wind Energy Center near Fort Sumner, New Mexico, having 136 turbines with a peak output of 1.5 megawatts each. Ironically, this site is owned by FPL Energy; i.e. Florida Power and Light. PNM claims that this facility is the world's third largest wind generation project, but the reference may be out-of-date.[25] Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area Ranked 5th - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²) - Width 342 miles (550 km) - Length 370 miles (595 km) - % water 0. ...
Fort Sumner is a village in De Baca County, New Mexico, United States. ...
Florida Power & Light Company, the principal subsidiary of FPL Group, Inc. ...
PNM headquarters at Alvorado Plaza in Albuquerque PNM is an electricity and natural gas utility serving the state of New Mexico in the United States. ...
The American Wind Energy Association provides information about existing and proposed projects in the U.S.
As of August, 2005 wind farms in the US are regulated by the Minerals Management Service. The purpose of the Minerals Management Service (MMS), as part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, is to manage the mineral resources on the nations Outer Continental Shelf in an environmentally sound and safe manner, and to collect, verify, and distribute, in a timely fashion, mineral revenues...
As of May 31, 2006, the FAA has stopped construction at 15 midwest wind farm projects over concerns about interference with military radar.[26] The reason for this is that a defense appropriation bill passed in January 2006 contained a provision requiring studies of the effects of wind farms on military radar, language added to the bill by Cape Wind project opponents. Since then, the FAA has began permitting construction to resume, as no evidence of any radar difficulty has been found (or ever was suspected). FAA may refer to: Federal Aviation Administration in the United States Fleet Air Arm in the UK Royal Navy Fuerza Aérea Argentina in Argentina This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
The Midwest is a common name for a region of the United States of America. ...
The Cape Wind Project is a controversial proposed offshore wind farm on Horseshoe Shoal in Nantucket Sound off Cape Cod in Massachusetts (). If the project moves forward on schedule, it would become one of the first offshore wind farms in the United States. ...
See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Image File history File links Portal. ...
Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
This article is about machines that produce electricity. ...
Net metering is a electricity policy for consumers who own, generally small, renewable energy facilities, such as wind or solar power, or uses vehicle-to-grid systems. ...
An example of a wind turbine. ...
Horizontal-axis wind turbine, the Enercon model E-66 wind energy converter, in Germany. ...
Wind power in the United Kingdom passed the milestone of 2 GW installed capacity on 9 February 2007, equivalent to two coal fired power stations, with the opening of the Braes ODoune wind farm, near Stirling. ...
Pelamis machine pointing into the waves: it attenuates the waves, gathering more energy than its narrow profile suggests. ...
This is a List of large wind farms, which are operating or are under construction: Alinta Wind Farm, Western Australia (90 MW) (Australia) Altamont Pass Wind Farm (606 MW) (USA) Big Horn Wind Farm (200 MW) (USA) Brazos Wind Ranch (160 MW) (USA) Centennial Wind Farm (120 MW) (USA) Champion...
References Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
External links - Wind Over Water - a documentary film about the Cape Wind Project a proposed wind farm in Massachusetts, US.
- Altahullion Wind farm A Quicktime VR panorama illustrating the scale of the largest wind farm in Ireland
- Wind power
- MySME.deInformation on Wind Farm Development in Germany
- Offshorewind.net - Offshore wind energy information.
- www.world-wind.energy.info - Basic information of wind energy utilisation (technology, planning a wind farm, grid integration etc.), presented by the World Wind Energy Association
- American Wind Energy Association. An association promoting wind power growth through advocacy and education.
- Pictures of a Wind Farm being deployed
- National Wind Watch - A coalition of US wind power opposition groups.
| Sustainability and Energy development | | Future | 2000 Watt society · Hubbert peak · Peak oil | | Transportation | Air car · Alternative fuel · Alternative propulsion · Battery electric vehicle · Bicycle · Bioalcohol · Biodiesel · Bioethanol · Biogas · Biomass to liquid · Bus rapid transit · Ecodriving · Electric power-assist system · Electric vehicle · Hybrid electric vehicle · Hydrogen station · Hydrogen vehicle · Low-energy vehicle · Plug-in hybrid · Production battery electric vehicle · Public transport · Pyrolysis · Trolleybus · TWIKE · utility cycling · Vegetable oil used as fuel | | Energy Conversion | Electricity generation · Distributed generation · Microgeneration · Sustainable community energy system · Environmental concerns with electricity generation
Biological energy · Anaerobic digestion · Biomass · Mechanical biological treatment
Chemical energy · Blue energy · Fuel cell · Hydrogen production
Geothermal power · Deep lake water cooling · Earth cooling tubes
Hydroelectricity · Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity · Tidal power · Water turbine · Wave power
Nuclear power · Inertial fusion power plant · Fusion · Nuclear reactor · Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
Solar power · Active solar · Barra system · Central solar heating plant · Energy tower · Ocean Thermal · Passive solar · Passive solar building design · Photovoltaics · Photovoltaic module · Solar cell · Solar combisystem · Solar hot water panel · Solar pond · Solar power satellite · Solar power tower · Solar roof · Solar shingles · Solar thermal collector · Solar thermal energy · Solar tracker · Solar updraft tower · Trombe wall
Waste-to-energy ·
Wind power · Wind farm · Wind turbine · Laddermill
Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ...
It has been suggested that future energy development be merged into this article or section. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into energy development. ...
The 2000 Watt society is a vision, originated by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at the end of the 1998, in which each person in the developed world would cut their energy use to an average of no more than 2,000 Watts by the year 2050, without lowering...
It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Peak oil and Hubbert peak theory, accessible from a disambiguation page. ...
As first expressed in Hubbert peak theory, Peak Oil is the point or timeframe at which the maximum global petroleum production rate is reached. ...
For other uses, see Air car (disambiguation). ...
The definition of alternative fuel varies according to the context of its usage. ...
Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for power train concepts differing to the standard internal combustion engine concept used in gasoline- or diesel-fueled vehicles. ...
The Toyota RAV4 EV was powered by twenty-four 12 volt batteries, with an operational cost equivalent of over 165 miles per gallon at 2005 US gasoline prices. ...
For other uses, see Bicycle (disambiguation). ...
Bioalcohol is alcohol obtained from biological sources, not from petroleum. ...
This article is about transesterified plant and animal oils. ...
The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...
Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ...
Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: It mainly aims at using the whole plant to improve the CO2 balance and the costs. ...
Busways redirects here. ...
Ecodriving is a term used in Europe to name initiative which support energy efficient use of vehicles. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Power-assisted cycle. ...
For battery powered passenger automobiles, see battery electric vehicle. ...
A Toyota Prius, one example of a hybrid electric vehicle. ...
A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept. ...
Sequel, a fuel cell-powered vehicle from General Motors A Hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle, such as an automobile, aircraft, or any other kind of vehicle that uses hydrogen as its primary source of power for locomotion. ...
A low-energy vehicle is any type of vehicle that uses less energy than a regular vehicle. ...
Hybrids Plus PHEV Toyota Prius conversion with PHEV-30 (30 mile all-electric range) battery packs A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid vehicle with batteries that can be recharged by connecting a plug to an electrical power source. ...
// Production battery electric vehicles (BEVs) like the GM EV1 and Chevrolet S10 EV, Chrysler TEVan, Honda EV Plus, Ford Ranger EV, Nissan Altra, Toyota RAV4 EV, and Solectria Force have been made available to the consumer market in very limited quantities and locations. ...
Bangkok Skytrain. ...
Simple sketch of pyrolysis chemistry Pyrolysis usually means the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. ...
A Polish Solaris trolleybus in Landskrona, Sweden. ...
The Twike (TWin bIKE) is a Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) with hybrid human power as an option. ...
Ugandan bicycle taxi or bodaboda Cargo-bicycle and Trike for rent Bremen. ...
Waste Vegetable Oil which has been filtered. ...
In physics and engineering, energy conversion is any process of converting energy from one form to another. ...
Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ...
Distributed generation generates electricity from many small energy sources. ...
It has been suggested that Wind turbines (UK domestic) be merged into this article or section. ...
A sustainable community energy system is an integrated approach to supplying a local community with its energy requirements from renewable energy or high-efficiency co-generation energy sources. ...
Modern technology uses large amounts of electrical power. ...
In thermodynamics, biological thermodynamics (Greek: bios = life and logikos = reason + Greek: thermos = heat and dynamics = power) or bioenergetics[1] is the study of energy transformation in the biological sciences. ...
Two-stage, low-solids, UASB anaerobic digesters as part of a mechanical biological treatment system, with sequencing batch reactor Anaerobic digestion (AD) is where the naturally occurring processes of anaerobic degradation is harnessed and contained. ...
See biomass (ecology) for the use of the term in ecology, where it refers to the cumulation of living matter Switchgrass, a tough plant used in the biofuel industry in the United States Rice chaff. ...
Mechanical biological treatment (MBT), or mechanical biological pre-treatment is a category of waste treatment technologies that enables recovery of the resources contained in waste. ...
In chemistry, a chemical bond is the force which holds together atoms in molecules or crystals. ...
Blue energy is the energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water with the use of osmosis or reverse electro dialysis (RED) with ion specific membranes. ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ...
Hydrogen production is done in bulk today from hydrocarbon fossil fuels via a chemical path. ...
Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland Geothermal power is the use of geothermal heat to generate electricity. ...
Deep lake water cooling uses cold water pumped from the bottom of a lake as a heat sink for climate control systems. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Hydroelectricity is the worlds leading renewable energy source. ...
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation whereby the natural flow and elevation drop of a river are used to generate electricity. ...
Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that exploits the rise and fall in sea levels due to the tides, or the movement of water caused by the tidal flow. ...
Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ...
Wave power refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work - including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). ...
This article is about applications of nuclear fission reactors as power sources. ...
An Inertial fusion power plant is intended to industrially produce electric power by use of inertial confinement fusion techniques. ...
The deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power. ...
Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ...
// A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generator which obtains its power from radioactive decay. ...
Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the sun. ...
Active solar is a term which refers to the use of solar energy to actively convert the energy in sunlight into other forms. ...
The Barra system, developed by Horazio Barra in Italy, is a passive solar building technology. ...
Central solar heating is the provision of central heating and hot water from solar energy by a system in which the water is heated centrally by arrays of solar thermal collectors (central solar heating plants - CSHPs) and distributed through district heating pipe networks (or block heating systems in the case...
Sharav Sluice Energy Tower An energy tower is a method for producing electrical power for consumer consumption, the brainchild of Dr. Phillip Carlson, which has been expanded upon by Professor Dan Zaslavsky. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Solar panels are used in passive and active solar hot water systems Passive solar technologies convert sunlight into usable heat, cause air-movement for ventilation or cooling, or store heat for future use, without the assistance of other energy sources. ...
Passive solar building design involves the modeling, selection and use of appropriate passive solar technologies to maintain the building environment at a desired temperature range (usually based around human thermal comfort) throughout the suns daily and annual cycles. ...
Photovoltaic tree in Styria, Austria Photovoltaics, or PV for short, is a solar power technology that uses solar cells or solar photovoltaic arrays to convert light from the sun directly into electricity. ...
A photovoltaic module is composed of individual PV cells. ...
A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ...
A solar combisystem is a solar heating system that provides both space heating and hot water from a common array of solar thermal collectors, normally linked to an auxiliary non-solar heat source. ...
A solar heater A laundromat in California with solar hot water panels on the roof. ...
A Solar pond is large-scale solar energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. ...
An artists depiction of a solar satellite, which could send energy wirelessly to a space vessel or planetary surface. ...
The solar power tower at Solar Two in California The solar power tower (also known as Central Tower power plants or Heliostat power plants or power towers) is a type of solar furnace using a tower to receive the focused sunlight. ...
Photovoltaic solar panels on a house roof. ...
Solar Shingles (or Photovoltaic Shingles) are a new type of solar energy system that, at first glance, look like regular asphalt shingles but are actually photovoltaic cells (PV). ...
Solar Thermal Collector Dish A solar thermal collector is a solar collector specifically intended to collect heat: that is, to absorb sunlight to provide heat. ...
Solar thermal energy is a technology for harnessing solar power for practical applications from solar heating to electrical power generation. ...
A backyard installation of passive single–axis trackers, DC rated at 2340 watts. ...
Schematic of a Solar updraft tower This article is about a type of power plant. ...
Passive solar design using an unvented trombe wall and summer shading A Trombe wall is a sun-facing wall built from material that can act as a thermal mass (such as stone, concrete, adobe or water tanks), combined with an air space, insulated glazing and vents to form a large...
Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) in its strictest sense refers to any waste treatment that creates energy in the form of electricity or heat from a waste source that would have been disposed of in landfill, also called energy recovery. ...
An example of a wind turbine. ...
Horizontal-axis wind turbine, the Enercon model E-66 wind energy converter, in Germany. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Storage · Flywheel energy storage · Grid energy storage · Hydrogen storage · Seasonal thermal store · Thermal energy storage
| | Sustainability | Ecological footprint · Ecosystem services · Ecovillage · Energy conservation · Energy Demand Management · Green map · Human Development Index · Infrastructural capital · Permaculture · Renewable energy · Self-sufficiency · Simple living · Sustainable development · Sustainable living · The Natural Step · TPE · Value of Earth · World energy resources and consumption · Zones (Permaculture)
Appropriate technology · Air engine · Autonomous building · Cob (building) · Composting toilet · Cool roof · Earth sheltering · Energy-efficient landscaping · Green roof · Hypermodernity · Low energy building · Passive house · Rammed earth · Sheet composting · Solar chimney · Straw-bale construction · Superinsulation · Technological singularity · Windcatcher
Sustainable agriculture · Food security · Forest gardening · Humanure · List of companion plants · List of repellent plants · Seed ball · Vermicompost · Zero energy building
Sustainable design · Environmental design · Sustainable architecture · Sustainable landscape architecture
Sustainable econonomics · Development economics · Green economics · Green Gross Domestic Product · Hydrogen economy · Liquid nitrogen economy · Low-carbon economy · Triple bottom line
Sustainable industries · Agroforestry · Ecoforestry · Exploitation of natural resources · Green building · Green chemistry · Green computing · Industrial Ecology · Natural building · Sustainable energy · Sustainable forest management · Sustainable procurement · Sustainable transport
Energy storage is the storing of some form of energy that can be drawn upon at a later time to perform some useful operation. ...
NASA G2 flywheel Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor (flywheel) to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. ...
Ffestiniog pumped storage power station upper reservoir Grid energy storage lets energy producers send excess electricity over the electricity transmission grid to temporary electricity storage sites that become energy producers when electricity demand is greater. ...
Hydrogen storage is the main technological problem of a viable hydrogen economy. ...
A seasonal thermal store (also known as a seasonal heat store or inter-seasonal thermal store) is a store designed to retain heat deposited during the hot summer months for use during colder winter weather. ...
Thermal energy storage can refer to a number of technologies that store energy in a thermal reservoir for later reuse. ...
Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ...
Humankind benefits from a multitude of resources and processes that are supplied by natural ecosystems. ...
Ecovillages are intended to be socially, economically and ecologically sustainable intentional communities. ...
For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ...
Energy demand management is also known as demand side management (DSM). ...
Green Map of Cambridge, Massachusetts Green Maps are environmentally themed maps which are usually created as a grassroots effort with a symbol set licensed from the non-profit Green Map System. ...
Infrastructural capital refers to any physical means of production or means of protection beyond that which can be gathered or found directly in nature, i. ...
Permaculture Mandala summarising the ethics and principles of permaculture design. ...
Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides and geothermal heat. ...
Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ...
Simple living (or voluntary simplicity) is a lifestyle individuals may pursue for a variety of motivations, such as spirituality, health, or ecology. ...
Sustainable development is defined as balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. ...
Sustainable living might best be defined as a lifestyle that could, hypothetically, be sustained unmodified for many generations without exhausting any natural resources. ...
The Natural Step is a nonprofit organization founded in Sweden in 1989 by Swedish scientist, Karl-Henrik Robèrt. ...
The ton of oil equivalent (TOE) is a unit for measuring energy. ...
In economics, value of Earth is the ultimate in ecosystem valuation, and important to value of life calculations. ...
World power usage in terawatts (TW), 1965-2005. ...
Zoning in Permaculture design refers to a method of ensuring that elements are correctly placed. ...
Appropriate technology is technology that is appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. ...
The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Off-the-grid. ...
Cob building dated 1539 in Devon, England. ...
Composting toilets use biological processes to deal with the disposal and processing of human excrement into organic compost material. ...
The albedo of several types of roofs Cool roofs are an effective alternative to bulk attic insulation under roofs in humid tropical and subtropical climates. ...
Earth covered farm houses in Keldur, Iceland. ...
Energy-efficient landscaping is a type of landscaping designed for the purpose of conserving energy. ...
Re-creation of Viking houses in Labrador Several grass roofs can be seen in the village of Bøur in the Faroe Islands. ...
Hypermodernity is a type, mode, or stage of society that reflects a deepening or intensification of modernity. ...
A low-energy-house is any type of house that uses less energy than a regular house. ...
One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt, Germany One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt The term passive house (Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous, voluntary, Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings. ...
Rammed earth walls form part of the entrance building for the Eden Project in Cornwall, England. ...
Sheet composting is the process of composting organic matter directly onto the soil as a mulch and letting it decay there, rather than in a heap. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solar Tower. ...
Further detailed information formerly in this article was moved to Wikibooks in May 2006 Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses straw bales as structural elements, insulation, or both. ...
Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction and retrofitting. ...
When plotted on a logarithmic graph, 15 separate lists of paradigm shifts for key events in human history show an exponential trend. ...
A windcatcher (Badgir; بادگیر) is a traditional Persian architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. ...
It has been suggested that Small-scale agriculture be merged into this article or section. ...
Subsistence farmers with a Treadle Pump. ...
Forest gardening (also known as 3-Dimensional Gardening) is a food production and land management system based on replicating woodland ecosystems, substituting trees (such as fruit or nut trees), bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables which have yields directly useful to mankind. ...
Humanure is a neologism designating human waste (feces and urine) that is recycled via composting for agricultural or other purposes. ...
This is a list of companion plant relationships. ...
This is a list of repellent plants. ...
Ancient technique re-introduced by Masanobu Fukuoka. ...
Vermicompost (also called worm compost, vermicast, worm castings, worm humus or worm manure) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by some species of earthworm. ...
Similar or related terms: Near zero energy building, Zero energy house, Near zero energy house A zero energy building (ZEB) can be described as structure with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. ...
It has been suggested that Green design be merged into this article or section. ...
Environmental design is the process of addressing environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. ...
Sustainable architecture applies techniques of sustainable design to architecture. ...
Sustainable landscape architecture is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of outdoor space. ...
Ecological economics is a transdisciplinary field of academic research that addresses the dynamic and spatial interdependence between human economies and natural ecosystems. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Green economics is an approach to economics in which the economy is considered to be a component of, and dependent upon, the natural world within which it resides and of which is it considered a part. ...
Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored in. ...
A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical economy in which energy is stored and transported as hydrogen (H2), particularly as an energy carrier for vehicle applications (e. ...
A liquid nitrogen (LN2) economy is a hypothetical proposal for a future economy in which the primary form of energy storage and transport is liquid nitrogen. ...
A low-carbon economy is an economy in which carbon dioxide emissions from the use of carbon based fuels (coal, oil and gas) are significantly reduced. ...
The triple bottom line, a. ...
The earliest mention of the phrase sustainable industries appeared in 1990 in a story about a Japanese group reforesting a tropical forest to help create sustainable industries for the local populace. ...
Parkland in Burkina Faso: Sorghum grown under Faidherbia albida and Borassus akeassii near Banfora, Burkina Faso Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. ...
Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems1 instead of traditional forestry that maximizes economic productivity. ...
Timber Exploitation of natural resources is an essential condition of the human existence. ...
This article is about green building construction. ...
Green chemistry is a chemical philosophy encouraging the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ...
Green computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. ...
Industrial ecology is the shifting of industrial process from open loop systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes become inputs for new processes. ...
Natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. ...
This article is about a concept related to renewable energy, of which sustainable energy is a superset. ...
It has been suggested that American Tree Farm System be merged into this article or section. ...
Sustainable procurement is a spending and investment process typically associated with public policy, although it is equally applicable to the private sector. ...
Girl on a bicycle in a car free area in Frankfurt Sustainable transport is a phrase which was coined in the late 20th century to describe all forms of transport which minimise emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants. ...
Sustainable waste · Living machines · Mycoremediation
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