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Hide beetles
Trox sabulosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Superfamily: Scarabaeoidea Family: Trogidae MacLeay, 1819
Diversity
c. 300 species
Genera
Omorgus Polynoncus Trox Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera... For other uses, see Beetle (disambiguation). ... Families See text. ... William Sharp Macleay ’s father Alexander Macleay was a leading member of the Linnean Society. ... Diversity c. ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ...

The hide beetles are a family (Trogidae) of beetles with a distinctive warty or bumpy appearance. Found worldwide, the family includes about 300 species contained in three genera. For other uses, see Beetle (disambiguation). ...

Trogids range in length from 2.5 to 20.0 mm. Their shape is oblong to oval, with a generally flat abdomen. Their color ranges from brown to gray or black, often obscured with a dirt encrusting. Otherwise they resemble scarab beetles, with heavy limbs and spurs. Genera not a complete list Agestrata Anoplognathus Augosoma Canthon Chrysina Chalcosoma Chelorrhina Cheirolasia Cheirotonus Cotinis Dynastes Eudicella Goliathus Megsoma Onthophagus Pachnoda Phanaeus Plusiotis Ranzania Rhomborrhina Stephanorrhina Xylotrupes The scarab is a type of beetle noted for rolling dung into spherical balls and pushing it, as well as its habit of...

They are scavengers, being among the last to visit and feed on the dried-out remains of dead animals; both adults and larvae will eat feathers, fur, and skin. They may also be found in bird and mammal nests. Details of species' life histories is usually poorly known, since many are specialized to particular types of nests. Between their covering of dirt and a habit of becoming motionless when disturbed, they are often overlooked, both by predators and by collectors.

The taxonomic position of these beetles is somewhat unsettled, with many authorities placing them as a subfamily Troginae of the Scarabaeidae. The common name "skin beetle" is sometimes used, but that name is usually used of the Dermestidae. subfamily Aegialiinae Aphodiinae Cetoniinae Dynastinae Euchirinae Hopliinae Idiostominae Melolonthinae Orphninae Pachypodinae Phaenomerinae Phileurinae Rutelinae Scarabaeinae Sericinae Taurocerastinae Trichiinae Valginae Wikispecies has information related to: Scarabaeidae The family Scarabaeidae as presently defined consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide. ... Genera many, see text The skin beetles are a family Dermestidae (Gyllenhal 1808) of beetles. ...

Origins

Trogidae, otherwise noted as the skin beetle, the hide beetle, and the carcass beetle is found worldwide. The family of Trogidae has approximately three hundred species containing three different genera that occur within all seven continents: Trox, Omorgus, and Polynoncus. ^[1] These three genera are declared as the only known genera in the ‘New World’; with Trox discovered by Fabricius in 1775, Omorgus discovered by Erichson in 1847, and Polynoncus discovered by Burmeister in 1876. Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ... Johann Christian Fabricius. ... Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson (1809–1848) was a German entomologist. ... Hermann Burmeister. ...

The family of Trogidae favors dry environments over moist environments and therefore is often found within temperate and plains areas. Each particular genus is found in different regions of the world, such as the Trox genus is found in the Holarctic/Ethiopian area; the Omorgus genus is typically more within the southern continents; and the Polynoncus genus is found in South America. ^[2] Specifically the beetles are found within the pellet of any variety of animal, surrounding carrion or other decaying dry matter, and around birds’ and mammals’ nests and feathers as well as aging bones. The Holarctic is a term used by zoologists to define the ecozone covering much of Eurasia and North America, which have often been connected by the Bering land bridge. ... A pellet, in ornithology, is the mass of undigested parts of a birds food that some bird species occasionally regurgitate. ...

The origins and classifications for the family of Trogidae are very controversial but recent NA literature depicts Trogidae as its own family rather than a subfamily of Scarabaeidae.^[2] One major reason for the dispute between classifications is the possible evolution of the ommatidium in the eyes. The different environments, predators, etc. probably led to the adaptation of ommatidium structures within this family. For example the more advanced and numerous the ommatidium the more present the larger the ability of the insect to escape and elude predators. Due to these similarities many call the family of Scarabaeidae a ‘superfamily’ to the family of Trogidae. It is believed that Trogidae hails from Australia. ^[3] Although migration to other parts of the world is not clearly outlined, it could be assumed that they first traveled with goods and cargo on ships. subfamily Aegialiinae Aphodiinae Cetoniinae Dynastinae Euchirinae Hopliinae Idiostominae Melolonthinae Orphninae Pachypodinae Phaenomerinae Phileurinae Rutelinae Scarabaeinae Sericinae Taurocerastinae Trichiinae Valginae Wikispecies has information related to: Scarabaeidae The family Scarabaeidae as presently defined consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide. ... The compound eye of insects is composed of hundreds of units called ommatidia. ...

Anatomy

Trogidae are characterized by their distinct dirt-incrusted, warty or bumpy appearance. They are usually brown to gray/black in color and are covered with short, fairly dense setae. Their body shape is oblong to oval with a flat abdomen and their length varies from 2 to 20 millimeters depending on species. The antenna of hide beetles are usually fairly short and clubbed. ^[4] The hardened elytra of Trogidae, which are generally covered with small knobs giving the beetle their rough appearance, meet along the midline of the body and cover the entire abdomen and well developed wings. Their head is bent down and covered by the pronotum.^[5] They also have heavy limbs and spurs resembling those of scarab beetles. Trogidae larvae are a creamy yellow/white in color, except at their caudal end which darkens as it accumulates with feces. They have a heavily sclerotized cranium that is almost black in color. The abdominal segments have at least one or more transverse rows of setae. ^[6] A seta is a stiff hair, bristle, or bristle-like process or part of an organism. ... Elytra (sing: elytron) are modified, hardened forewings of certain insect orders, notably beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Hemiptera). ... The pronotum is the dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects ... In zootomy, several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ...

Diet and Habitat

Their predators are rare due to their habit of being covered with dirt and debris and that when they are disturbed they have a habit of being motionless or faking death to avoid detection or being eaten. Most common predator since they tend to invade nests as well are birds. ^[6]

The Trogidae family is predominantly predaceous. The pupae, larval, and adult stages of life have all been documented to be cannibalistic. Because of this tendency, the adult beetles will postpone, or delay pupation in an effort to maintain their safety and find a safe pupation site. The adult hide beetle produces a pheromone in its feces that leads other adults and larvae to food sources. Studies have shown that this species is not cannibalistic due to over-crowding of populations, but just a food source preference. Chrysalis of Gulf Fritillary Georgetown, South Carolina A pupa (plural: pupae or pupas) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. ... Fanning honeybee exposes Nasonov gland (white-at tip of abdomen) releasing pheromone to entice swarm into an empty hive A pheromone (from Greek φέρω phero to bear + ‘ορμόνη hormone) is a chemical that triggers a natural behavioral response in another member of the same species. ...

Beetles of the Trogidae family have also been found to feed off of carcasses in the wild that have died and are decomposing. In one lab experiment done in 1998 by the Department of Zoology at the University of Melbourne, the hide beetle ate all tissues on a sheep carcass and left the bones.

When carcasses are not available their diet consists of eating the dry remains of dead mammals and birds in later to last stages of decomposition. Since they are usually the last at the scene, they can be found eating feathers, fur, skin, feces and anything else they can scavenge. Trogidae Omorgus candidus or any beetle in the family Trogidae is a scavenger type beetle that all have the same diet and predators for all in this family are the same. ^[7]

Mating Habits and Life Cycle

During decomposition of a carcass, the beetles will leave their nest to feed on the carrion. As the last succession of insects to appear on the carcass, both larvae and adults can be found feeding on the dry remains. At the site of the carcass, an impregnated female will dig small, vertical columns underneath the carcass to lay her eggs allowing the larvae to locate food after hatching. An American Black Vulture feeding on squirrel carrion For other uses, see Carrion (disambiguation). ...

Upon maturation of the larvae (approximately 6-8 weeks), females and males will mate. The male will sense odor cues from the female about her fertility. The male will mount the female and begin copulation. Copulation will be ended by the male. Males will tend to mate 6-7 times in their life span. Competition between the males for the female occurs occasionally as well as intra-sexual copulation between males. Males and females are polygamous. ^[8] A pair of lions copulating in the Maasai Mara, Kenya. ...

There is little known about the life cycle of the Trogidae specifically. Their life cycles are very similar to the other genera of Scarabaeoidea (i.e. Passalidae and Lucanidae). Trogidae are holometabolous and usually have 3-5 instars. After impregnation of the female by the male, the female will lay the eggs and the larvae will hatch after an unknown amount of time. The larvae will usually molt twice growing and maturing until pupation. After pupation, the exoskeleton is finally formed and further growth will cease.^[6] Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphism, is a term applied to insect groups to describe the specific kind of insect development which includes four life stages - as an embryo, a larva, a pupa and an imago. ... An instar is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, between each molt. ... An exoskeleton is an external anatomical feature that supports and protects an animals body, in contrast to the internal endoskeleton of, for example, a human. ...

Forensic Importance

Trogidae's use in forensic entomology is unknown at this time. They are scavengers and can be found in carcasses or bird or mammal nests. They typically arrive last in the order of succession and feed on dried feathers, fur, and skin, but could be the first in succession if a body was first burned and charred. After the burned skin is eaten away by the Trogids, the corpse (with now-exposed, "fresher" surfaces) allows for viable colonization by other forensically important insects that help determine accurate PMI estimates. The adults lay their eggs in vertical burrows in the soil beneath carcasses. ^[9] PMI may stand for: Mathematical induction, a principle of mathematics. ...

Various species of Trogidae have been used by museums to clean up skeletons by eating any remaining dried material left on the skeletons leaving them clean for display. This method of bone-stripping has been used by some museums for many years as it is the most effective method.^[10]

Species

Omorgus

Omorgus acinus Scholtz, 1980 (Tanzania)

Omorgus alternans (MacLeay, 1827) (Australia)

Omorgus amitinus Kolbe, 1904 (Kenya)

Omorgus asper LeConte, 1854 (southern USA, Mexico)

Omorgus asperulatus Harold, 1872 (Southern Africa)

Omorgus australasiae (Erichson, 1842) (Australia)

Omorgus baccatus Gerstaecker, 1867 (Kenya, Tanzania)

Omorgus badeni (Harold, 1872) (Brazil, Colombia)

Omorgus batesi (Harold, 1872) (Argentina, Brazil)

Omorgus birmanicus Arrow, 1927 (Southeast Asia)

Omorgus borgognoi Marchand, 1902 (Mauretania, Mali, Chad)

Omorgus borrei (Harold, 1872) (Uruguay, Argentina)

Omorgus brucki Harold, 1872 (Australia)

Omorgus candezei Harold, 1872 (Argentina)

Omorgus capillaceus Scholtz, 1990 (Colombia)

Omorgus carinatus Loomis, 1922 (Southern USA to Mexico)

Omorgus ciliatus (Blanchard, 1846)

Omorgus consanguineus Peringuey, 1901 (DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Namibia)

Omorgus costatus (Wiedemann, 1823) (Australia to India and China)

Omorgus crotchi Harold, 1871 (Australia)

Omorgus denticulatus (Olivier, 1789) (Africa)

Omorgus desertorum Harold, 1872 (Madagascar, Egypt, Arabia)

Omorgus discedens Haaf, 1954 (Somalia, Tanzania)

Omorgus elevatus Harold, 1872 (Angola, Namibia)

Omorgus endroedyi Scholtz, 1979 (Namibia, Angola)

Omorgus expansus Arrow, 1900 (Somalia)

Omorgus eyrensis Blackburn, 1904 (Australia)

Omorgus foveolatus Boheman, 1860 (Madagascar, Namibia)

Omorgus freyi Haaf, 1954 (Southern Africa)

Omorgus fuliginosus Robinson, 1941 (Costa Rica to Texas)

Omorgus funestus Lansberge, 1886 (Angola)

Omorgus gemmatus (Olivier, 1789) (Africa, Arabia)

Omorgus glaber Scholtz, 1980 (Tanzania) (= Afromorgus lindemannae)

Omorgus granulatus (Herbst, 1783) (India, Sri Lanka)

Omorgus guttalis Haaf, 1954 (Africa)

Omorgus inclusus Walker, 1858 (Sri Lanka to China)

Omorgus indicus Harold, 1872 (India, Thailand, China)

Omorgus indigenus Scholtz, 1990 (Galapagos:Española Island)

Omorgus inflatus Loomis, 1922 (Arizona, Texas, Mexico)

Omorgus insignicollis Blackburn, 1896 (Australia)

Omorgus insignis Haaf, 1954 (Namibia, Angola)

Omorgus italicus Reiche, 1853 (Italy, India, China)

Omorgus litigiosus

Omorgus lobicollis Arrow, 1927 (southern Burma)

Omorgus loxus Vaurie, 1955 (Brazil to Mexico)

Omorgus lugubris Haaf, 1954 (Kenya, Tanzania)

Omorgus melancholicus (Fahraeus, 1857) (Madagascar, Africa)

Omorgus mentitor Blackburn, 1896 (Australia)

Omorgus mictlensis Deloya, 1995 (Mexico)

Omorgus mollis Arrow, 1927 (Indonesia, Malaysia)

Omorgus monachus (Herbst, 1790) (Mexico, Southern USA)

Omorgus mutabilis Haaf, 1954 (Africa)

Omorgus nanningensis Pittino, 2005 (China)

Omorgus niloticus Harold, 1872 (Africa)

Omorgus nocheles Scholtz, 1990 (Argentina)

Omorgus nodicollis Macleay, 1888 (Western Australia)

Omorgus nodosus (Robinson, 1940) (Texas)

Omorgus nomadicus Scholtz, 1980 (Saudi Arabia)

Omorgus obesus Scholtz, 1980 (Africa)

Omorgus omacanthus Harold, 1872 (India)

Omorgus pauliani Haaf, 1954 (Laos, Vietnam)

Omorgus persuberosus Vaurie, 1962 (South America)

Omorgus peruanus Erichson, 1847 (South America) (=Polynoncus peruanus)

Omorgus ponderosus Peringuey, 1901 (Africa)

Omorgus principalis Haaf, 1954 (Africa)

Omorgus procerus Harold, 1872 (Africa, Arabia)

Omorgus punctatus (Germar, 1824) (Mexico to Southern USA)

Omorgus quadridens

Omorgus radula (Erichson, 1843) (Africa)

Omorgus rodriguezae Deloya, 2005 (Mexico)

Omorgus rubricans (Robinson, 1946) (Texas, Mexico)

Omorgus rusticus Fahraeus, 1857 (Africa)

Omorgus scabrosus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1818) (Canada to southern USA)

Omorgus scutellaris (Say, 1823) (Southern USA to Mexico)

Omorgus senegalensis Scholtz, 1983 (Senegal)

Omorgus spatulatus Vaurie, 1962 (Argentina)

Omorgus squalidus (Africa, Madagascar, Saudi Arabia)

Omorgus squamosus

Omorgus stellatus

Omorgus subcarinatus (MacLeay, 1864) (Australia, New Guinea)

Omorgus suberosus (Fabricius, 1775) (Spain, southern USA to South America, Australia)

Omorgus tessellatus LeConte, 1854 (Mexico)

Omorgus testudo Arrow, 1927 (southern Burma)

Omorgus texanus LeConte, 1854 (Texas)

Omorgus tomentosus (Robinson, 1941) (Mexico)

Omorgus tuberosus Klug, 1855 (Africa)

Omorgus tytus (Robinson, 1941) (USA)

Omorgus umbonatus LeConte, 1854 (Texas)

Omorgus unguicularis Haaf, 1954 (Africa)

Omorgus varicosus (Erichson, 1843) (Angola)

Omorgus villosus

Omorgus wittei Haaf, 1955 (Africa)

Omorgus zumpti Haaf, 1957 (Africa)

John Lawrence LeConte (May 13, 1825 - November 15, 1883) was the most important American entomologist of the 19th century, responsible for naming and describing a large number of insect taxa, particularly beetles. ... Charles Émile Blanchard (March 6, 1819 - February 11, 1900) was a French zoologist. ... Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann was a German , physician, historian, naturalist and entomologist born in Brunswick on 7th December 1770. ... Guillaume-Antoine Olivier (1756 - 1814) was a French entomologist. ... Boheman Carl Henrik Boheman (July 10, 1796 - November 2, 1868 was a Swedish entomologist. ... Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst (1743 - 1807) was a German naturalist and entomologist. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... Tanintharyi Division, better known by the old name Tenasserim, is a division of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus. ... Ernst Friedrich Germar ( 1786- 1853) was a German professor and director of the Mineralogical Museum at Halle. ... Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot, baron de Beauvois. ... Thomas Say. ... Johann Christian Fabricius. ... Tanintharyi Division, better known by the old name Tenasserim, is a division of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus. ... Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug was a German entomologist born 5 May 1775 in Berlin and died 3 February 1856 in the same city. ...

Polynoncus

Polynoncus aeger (Guerin-Meneville, 1844) (South America)

Polynoncus aricensis (Gutierrez, 1950) (South America)

Polynoncus bifurcatus (Vaurie, 1962) (South America)

Polynoncus brasiliensis (Vaurie, 1962) (South America)

Polynoncus brevicollis (Eschscholtz, 1822) (South America)

Polynoncus bullatus (Curtis, 1845) (Chile, Argentina)

Polynoncus burmeisteri Pittino, 1987 (Argentina)

Polynoncus chilensis (Harold, 1872) (Chile, Argentina)

Polynoncus diffluens (Vaurie, 1962) (Chile)

Polynoncus ecuadorensis Vaurie, 1962 (Ecuador)

Polynoncus erugatus Scholtz, 1990 (Argentina)

Polynoncus galapagoensis (Van Dyke, 1953) (Galapagos Islands)

Polynoncus gemmifer (Blanchard, 1846) (South America)

Polynoncus gemmingeri (Harold, 1872) (Panama to Argentina)

Polynoncus gibberosus Scholtz, 1990 (Chile)

Polynoncus gordoni (Steiner, 1981) (Peru)

Polynoncus guttifer (Harold, 1868) (South America)

Polynoncus haafi Vaurie, 1962 (Argentina)

Polynoncus hemisphaericus (Burmeister, 1876) (Argentina, Chile)

Polynoncus juglans (Ratcliffe, 1978) (Brazil, Guyana)

Polynoncus longitarsis (Harold, 1872) (Argentina, Chile)

Polynoncus mirabilis Pittino, 1987 (Chile, Argentina)

Polynoncus neuquen (Vaurie, 1962) (Chile, Argentina)

Polynoncus parafurcatus (Pittino, 1987) (Argentina, Brazil)

Polynoncus patagonicus (Blanchard, 1846) (Argentina)

Polynoncus patriciae Pittino, 1987 (Argentina, Uruguay)

Polynoncus pedestris (Harold, 1872) (Argentina)

Polynoncus peruanus (Erichson, 1847) (South America)

Polynoncus pilularius (Germar, 1824) (South America)

Polynoncus sallei (Harold, 1872) (Madagascar?, Ecuador, Peru)

Polynoncus seymourensis (Mutchler, 1925) (Galapagos Islands)

Polynoncus tenebrosus (Harold, 1872) (Ecuador)

Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville (October 12, 1799 – January 26, 1874) was a French entomologist. ... Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz (1 November 1793 - 19 May 1831) was an Estonian physician, botanist, zoologist and entomologist. ... John Curtis (1791-1862) was an English entomologist and illustrator. ... Hermann Burmeister. ...

Trox

Trox acanthinus Harold, 1872 (Mexico)

Trox aculeatus Harold, 1872 (South Africa)

Trox aequalis Say, 1831 (Canada to Mexico)

Trox affinis Robinson, 1940 (USA)

Trox alatus Macleay, 1888 (Australia)

Trox alius Scholtz, 1986 (Western Australia)

Trox amictus Haaf, 1954 (Australia)

Trox antiquus Wickham, 1909 (fossil:oligocene, Florissant, USA) The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument is located in a mountain valley just west of Pikes Peak and holds spectacular remnants of the earths prehistoric life. ...

Trox aphanocephalus Scholtz, 1986 (Australia)

Trox arcuatus Haaf, 1953 (South Africa)

Trox atrox LeConte, 1854 (USA)

Trox augustae Blackburn, 1892 (Australia)

Trox boucomonti Paulian, 1933 (China, Vietnam)

Trox braacki Scholtz, 1980 (South Africa)

Trox brahminus Pittino, 1985 (India to Vietnam)

Trox brincki Haaf, 1958 (Lesotho)

Trox cadaverinus Illiger, 1801 (Europe to China)

Trox caffer Harold, 1872 (South Africa)

Trox cambeforti Pittino, 1985 (China)

Trox cambodjanus Pittino, 1985 (Cambodia, Laos)

Trox candidus Harold, 1872 (Australia)

Trox capensis Scholtz, 1979 (South Africa)

Trox capillaris Say, 1823 (Canada to southern USA)

Trox carinicollis Scholtz, 1986 (Western Australia)

Trox ciliatus Blanchard, 1846 (Argentina, Bolivia)

Trox clathratus (Reiche, 1861) (Corsica)

Trox conjunctus Petrovitz, 1975 (China)

Trox consimilis Haaf, 1953 (Southern Africa)

Trox contractus Robinson, 1940 (Texas)

Trox coracinus Gmelin, 1788 (unknown distribution)

Trox cotodognanensis Compte, 1986 (Spain)

Trox cribrum Gené, 1836 (France, Sardinia)

Trox cricetulus Ádám, 1994 (Croatia, Spain)

Trox curvipes Harold, 1872 (Australia)

Trox cyrtus Haaf, 1953 (South Africa)

Trox demarzi Haaf, 1958 (Australia)

Trox dhaulagiri Paulus, 1972 (Nepal)

Trox dilaticollis Macleay, 1888 (Australia)

Trox dohrni Harold, 1871 (Western Australia)

Trox doiinthanonensis Masumoto, 1996 (Thailand)

Trox elderi Blackburn, 1892 (South Australia)

Trox elongatus Haaf, 1954 (Northern Australia)

Trox erinaceus LeConte, 1854 (South Carolina)

Trox euclensis Blackburn, 1892 (Australia)

Trox eversmanni Krynicky, 1832 (Central Europe to Siberia)

Trox fabricii Reiche, 1853 (Spain, Sicily to Northern Africa)

Trox fascicularis Wiedemann, 1821 (Southern Africa)

Trox fascifer LeConte, 1854 (California)

Trox floridanus Howden & Vaurie, 1957 (Florida)

Trox formosanus Nomura, 1973 (Taiwan)

Trox foveicollis Harold, 1857 (USA)

Trox frontera Vaurie, 1955 (Texas)

Trox gansuensis Ren, 2003 (China)

Trox gemmulatus Horn, 1874 (California)

Trox gigas Harold, 1872 (Australia)

Trox gonoderus Fairmaire, 1901 (Madagascar)

Trox granuliceps Haaf, 1954 (Australia)

Trox granulipennis Fairmaire, 1852 (Northern Africa to Spain and Middle East)

Trox gunki Scholtz, 1980 (South Africa)

Trox hamatus Robinson, 1940 (USA)

Trox hispidus (Pontoppidan, 1763) (Europe)

Trox horridus Fabricius, 1775 (South Africa)

Trox howdenorum Scholtz, 1986 (Western Australia)

Trox howelli Howden & Vaurie, 1957 (Florida, Texas)

Trox ineptus Balthasar, 1931 (Transbaikal)

Trox insularis Chevrolat, 1864 (Southern USA, Cuba)

Trox kerleyi Masumoto, 1996 (Thailand)

Trox kiuchii Masumoto, 1996 (Thailand)

Trox klapperichi Pittino, 1983 (Turkey to Saudi Arabia, Middle East)

Trox kyotensis Ochi & Kawahara, 2000 (Japan)

Trox lama Pittino, 1985 (Tibet)

Trox laticollis LeConte, 1854 (New York)

Trox leonardii Pittino, 1983 (Spain to North Africa, Israel)

Trox levis Haaf, 1953 (South Africa)

Trox litoralis Pittino, 1991 (South Europe: Italy to Greece)

Trox luridus Fabricius, 1781 (Southern Africa)

Trox lutosus Marsham, 1802 (Great Britain)

Trox mandli Balthasar, 1931 (Transbaikal)

Trox mariae Scholtz, 1986 (Western Australia)

Trox mariettae Scholtz, 1986 (North Australia)

Trox marshalli Haaf, 1957 (Australia)

Trox martini (Reitter, 1892) (North Africa)

Trox matsudai Ochi & Hori, 1999 (Japan)

Trox maurus Herbst, 1790 (unknown distribution)

Trox montanus Kolbe, 1891 (Africa)

Trox monteithi Scholtz, 1986 (Australia)

Trox morticinii Pallas, 1781 (Central Asia)

Trox mutsuensis Nomura, 1937 (Japan)

Trox nama Kolbe, 1908 (Southern Africa)

Trox nanniscus Peringuey, 1901 (South Africa)

Trox nasutus Harold, 1872 (South Africa)

Trox natalensis Haaf, 1954 (South Africa)

Trox necopinus Scholtz, 1986 (Zambia)

Trox niger Rossi, 1792

Trox nigrociliatus Kolbe, 1904 (Ethiopia)

Trox nigroscobinus Scholtz, 1986 (Western Australia)

Trox niponensis Lewis, 1895 (Japan)

Trox nodulosus Harold, 1872 (Sardinia, Corsica)

Trox nohirai Nakane, 1954 (Japan)

Trox novaecaledoniae Balthasar, 1966 (New Caledonia)

Trox opacotuberculatus Motschulsky, 1860 (Japan, Taiwan)

Trox oustaleti Scudder, 1879 (fossil: eocene; Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia) For other uses, see Corsica (disambiguation). ... Johann Friedrich Gmelin (August 8, 1748 - November 1, 1804) was a German naturalist and botanist. ... Giuseppe Gené (December 7, 1800 - July 14, 1847) was an Italian naturalist and author. ... Sardinia (pronounced ; Italian: ; Sardinian: or ) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily). ... Erik Pontoppidan (August 24, 1698 in Aarhus - December 20, 1764) was a Danish author, prelate, historian and antiquary. ... Transbaikal (Russian: Забайкалье [Zabajkale]) or Dauria (Russian: Даурия [Daurija]) is a mountainous region to the east of or beyond (trans-) Lake Baikal in Russia. ... Thomas Marsham (died 1819) was an English entomologist who studied beetles. ... Edmund Reitter ( 1845 – 1920 ) was a German entomologist , writer and a collector. ... Peter Simon Pallas (September 22, 1741 - September 8, 1811) was a German-born Russian zoologist. ... Victor Ivanovitsch Motschulsky. ... Samuel Hubbard Scudder was an American entomologist and palaeontologist. ... Motto: Splendor sine occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Steven Point Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 36 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area  Ranked 5th Total 944...

Trox ovalis Haaf, 1957 (North Australia)

Trox pampeanus Burmeister, 1876 (Argentina)

Trox parvicollis Scholtz, 1986 (North Australia)

Trox pastillarius Blanchard, 1846 (South America)

Trox pellosomus Scholtz, 1986 (Australia)

Trox penicillatus Fahraeus, 1857 (South Africa)

Trox perhispidus Blackburn, 1904 (Australia)

Trox perlatus Geoffroy, 1762 (Great Britain to Spain and Italy)

Trox perrieri Fairmaire, 1899 (Madagascar)

Trox perrisii Fairmaire, 1868 (Europe, North Africa)

Trox placosalinus Ren, 2003 (China)

Trox planicollis Haaf, 1953 (Southern Africa)

Trox plicatus Robinson, 1940 (Southern USA)

Trox poringensis Ochi, Kon & Kawahara, 2005 (Borneo, Java)

Trox puncticollis Haaf, 1953 (Saudi Arabia)

Trox pusillus Peringuey, 1908 (Africa)

Trox quadridens Blackburn, 1892 (Australia)

Trox quadrimaculatus Ballion, 1870 ((Turkestan)

Trox quadrinodosus Haaf, 1954 (Australia)

Trox regalis Haaf, 1954 (Australia)

Trox rhyparoides (Harold, 1872) (Africa)

Trox rimulosus Haaf, 1957 (India)

Trox robinsoni Vaurie, 1955 (Canada to Texas)

Trox rotundulus Haaf, 1957 (Australia)

Trox rudebecki Haaf, 1958 (South Africa)

Trox sabulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Great Britain to Siberia)

Trox salebrosus Macleay, 1872 (Australia)

Trox scaber (Linnaeus, 1767) (Holarctic, North Africa, South America, Australia)

Trox semicostatus Macleay, 1872 (Australia)

Trox setifer Waterhouse, 1875 (Japan)

Trox setosipennis Blackburn, 1904 (Australia)

Trox sonorae LeConte, 1854 (Canada to New Mexico)

Trox sordidatus Balthasar, 1936 (Southeastern Europe)

Trox sordidus LeConte, 1854 (Canada to Texas)

Trox spinulosus Robinson, 1940 (USA)

Trox squamiger Roth, 1851 (Africa, Arabia)

Trox squamosus Macleay, 1872 (Australia, New Guinea)

Trox stellatus Harold, 1872 (Western Australia)

Trox strandi Balthasar, 1936 (Algeria)

Trox striatus Melsheimer, 1846 (USA)

Trox strigosus Haaf, 1953 (South Africa)

Trox strzeleckensis Blackburn, 1895 (Australia)

Trox sugayai Masumoto & Kiuchi, 1995 (Japan)

Trox sulcatus Thunberg, 1787 (Southern Africa)

Trox taiwanus Masumoto, Ochi & Li, 2005 (Taiwan)

Trox talpa Fahraeus, 1857 (South Africa)

Trox tasmanicus Blackburn, 1904 (Tasmania)

Trox tatei Blackburn, 1892 (Australia)

Trox terrestris Say, 1825 (USA)

Trox tibialis Masumoto, Ochi & Li, 2005 (Taiwan)

Trox torpidus Harold, 1872 (Central America)

Trox transversus Reiche, 1856 (Greece, Syria, Turkey)

Trox trilobus Haaf, 1954 (Australia, New Guinea)

Trox tuberculatus (De Geer, 1774) (USA)

Trox uenoi Nomura, 1961 (Japan)

Trox unistriatus Palisot de Beauvois, 1818 (Canada to Texas)

Trox variolatus Melsheimer, 1846 (Canada to Mexico)

Trox villosus Haaf, 1954 (Australia)

Trox yamayai Nakane, 1983 (Japan)

Trox yangi Masumoto, Ochi & Li, 2005 (Taiwan)

Trox zoufali Balthasar, 1931 (Taiwan)

Étienne Louis Geoffroy (October 12, 1725 – August 12, 1810) was a French entomologist. ... For the town in southern Kazakhstan, see Hazrat-e Turkestan. ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 13, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Carl Peter Thunberg (November 11, 1743 _ August 8, 1828) was a Swedish naturalist. ... Portrait of Charles de Geer. ...

References

External links

Wikispecies has information related to:

Hide beetle

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Trogidae

• World Trogidae Directory Naked list and picture by coleopterist Shinya Kawai
• Guide to New World Scarab Beetles - Trogidae from University of Nebraska State Museum - Division of Entomology
• http://bugguide.net/node/view/5824
• http://www.ento.csiro.au/education/insects/coleoptera_families/trogidae.html