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The phrase Transient receptor potential or TRP is appended to at least three classes of ion channels which mediate the response of a cell to external stimuli (electrical charge, substances, and forces) by increasing or decreasing its selective permeability to particular ions. The effect of this change is to modify the potential difference between inside and outside of the cell. Hence "receptor," for sensitivity to the environment, and "potential" for this difference. Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help to establish and control the small voltage gradient that exists across the plasma membrane of all living cells (see cell potential) by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. ...
Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell. Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ...
Permeability has several meanings: In electromagnetism, permeability is the degree of magnetisation of a material in response to a magnetic field. ...
“Multivalent†redirects here. ...
In biological cells that are electrically at rest, the cytosol possesses a uniform electric potential or voltage compared to the extracellular solution. ...
Transient receptor potential ion channels are named after the role of the channels in Drosophila phototransduction. Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help to establish and control the small voltage gradient that exists across the plasma membrane of all living cells (see cell potential) by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. ...
Type Species Musca funebris Fabricius, 1787 Drosophila is a genus of small flies whose members are often called small fruit flies, or more appropriately vinegar flies, wine flies, pomace flies, grape flies, and picked fruit-flies. ...
Visual phototransduction is a process by which light is converted into electrical signals in the rod cells and cone cells of the retina of the eye. ...
Genes
They are encoded by at least 21 channel subunit genes and divided in three subunits: For other meanings of this term, see gene (disambiguation). ...
- TRPC (canonical): TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC6, TRPC7
- TRPV (vanilloid): TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6
- TRPM (melastatin): TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM5, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8
TRPV TRPV1 to TRPV4 can basically be seen as thermometers on a molecular level, and are activated by various means. TRPV1 is for example activated by noxious heat, acidic pH and capsaicin [1]. The chemical compound capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the active component of chili peppers, which are plants belonging to the genus Capsicum. ...
TRPV5 and TRPV6 are calcium entry channels responsible for calcium absorption in kidney and intestine. They were originally named ECaC [2] and CAT1 [3] and expression is regulated by the vitamin D endocrine system through the active metabolite calcitriol. TRPV6 is a membrane calcium channel which is responsible for the first step in calcium absorption in the intestine. ...
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. ...
TRPM TRPM5 is involved in the sensory transduction pathway of taste cells.
TRPM6 is a magnesium entry channel in epithelial tissues mediating magensium reabsorption in the kidney and absorption in the intestine [4]
ANKTM1 (or TRPA1) is a member of the TRP ion channel family responsible for the irritating effects of tetrahydrocannabinol, mustard oil, [5] and cinnamaldehyde. Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, Δ9-THC, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), Δ¹-tetrahydrocannabinol (using an older numbering scheme), or dronabinol, is the main psychoactive substance found in the Cannabis plant. ...
The term mustard oil is used for two different oils that are made from mustard seeds: a fatty vegetable oil resulting from pressing the seeds, an essential oil resulting from grinding the seeds, mixing them with water, and extracting the resulting volatile oil by distillation. ...
Cinnamic aldehyde or cinnamaldehyde (more precisely trans-cinnamaldehyde, the only naturally-occurring form) is the chemical compound that gives cinnamon its spice. ...
TRPM8 is a Ca2+ permeable channel which can be activated by low temperatures, menthol, eucalyptol and icilin [6]. Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. ...
Eucalyptol is a natural organic compound which is a colorless liquid. ...
References - ^ TRPV3 is a temperature-sensitive vanilloid receptor-like protein G. D. Smith, M. J. Gunthorpe, R. E. Kelsell, P. D. Hayes, P. Reilly, P. Facer, J. E. Wright, J. C. Jerman, J.-P. Walhin, L. Ooi, J. Egerton, K. J. Charles, D. Smart, A. D. Nature 186 418 2002 abstract
- ^ Molecular identification of the apical Ca2+ channel in 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-responsive epithelia Hoenderop JG, van der Kemp AW, Hartog A, van de Graaf SF, van Os CH, Willems PH, Bindels RJ. J Biol Chem 1999;274:8375-8. abstract
- ^ Molecular cloning and characterization of a channel-like transporter mediating intestinal calcium absorption. Peng JB, Chen XZ, Berger UV, Vassilev PM, Tsukaguchi H, Brown EM, Hediger MA. J Biol Chem 1999;274:22739-46. abstract
- ^ Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is caused by mutations in TRPM6, a new member of the TRPM gene family. Schlingmann KP, Weber S, Peters M, Niemann Nejsum L, Vitzthum H, Klingel K, Kratz M, Haddad E, Ristoff E, Dinour D, Syrrou M, Nielsen S, Sassen M, Waldegger S, Seyberth HW, Konrad M. Nat Genet 2002;31:166-70. abstract
- ^ Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1 Sven-Eric Jordt, Diana M. Bautista, Huai-hu Chuang, David D. McKemy, Peter M. Zygmunt, Edward D. Högestätt, Ian D. Meng, David Julius Nature 260 427 2004 abstract
- ^ Characterization of the mouse cold-menthol receptor TRPM8 and vanilloid receptor type-1 VR1 using a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay H-J Behrendt, T Germann, C Gillen, H Hatt, R Jostock British Journal of Pharmacology 737 141 2004 abstract
External links Stretch-activated ion channel - Ligand-gated ion channel - Voltage-gated ion channel Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ...
A membrane transport protein is a protein involved in the movement of a chemical such as an ion or another protein across a biological membrane. ...
Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help to establish and control the small voltage gradient that exists across the plasma membrane of all living cells (see cell potential) by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. ...
Stretch-activated or stretch-gated ion channels are ion channels which open their pores in response to mechanical deformation of a neurons plasma membrane. ...
Ligand-gated ion channel is a broad term that refers to any ion channel that is gated (i. ...
Voltage-gated ion channel is a ion channel that is specifically activated, or gated, by the surrounding potential difference near the channel (or near the cell, neuron or synapse). ...
Ca: Voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-type/CACNA1C, N-type, P-type, Q-type, R-type, T-type) - Inositol triphosphate receptor - Ryanodine receptor - Cation channels of sperm This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The L-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. ...
CACNA1C is a gene which codes a L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel associated with Timothys syndrome. ...
Illustration of the major elements in a prototypical synapse. ...
The p-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. ...
The Q-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. ...
The R-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. ...
The T-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. ...
Inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) is a membrane glycoprotein complex acting as Ca2+ channel activated by inositol triphosphate (IP3). ...
Ryanodine receptors form a class of calcium channels in various forms of muscle. ...
Cation channels of sperm: This small family of ion channels, normally referred to as Catsper channels or CatSper, is related to the two-pore channels and distantly related to TRP channels. ...
Na: Sodium channel: SCN4A - SCN5A - SCN9A - Epithelial sodium channel /Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that exist in a cells plasma membrane and regulate the flow of sodium (Na+) ions into it. ...
SCN4A is a sodium ion channel associated with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, paramyotonia congenita, and potassium-aggravated myotonia. ...
SCN5A is a sodium ion channel associated with long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3), Brugada syndrome, and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. ...
SCN9A is a gene which codes a sodium ion channel. ...
Sodium channels (also known as voltage-gated sodium channels) are integral membrane proteins that are localized in and conduct sodium ions (Na+) through a cells plasma membrane. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Epithelial sodium channel. ...
K: Potassium channel: Voltage-gated (KvLQT1, HERG, Shaker gene, KCNE1) - Calcium-activated (BK channel, SK channel) - Inward-rectifier (ROMK, KCNJ2) - Tandem pore domain/Resting ion channel In cell biology, potassium channels are the most common type of ion channel. ...
Voltage-gated potassium channel are a family of voltage gated potassium channels. ...
KvLQT1 is a potassium channel protein coded for by the gene KCNQ1. ...
HERG (Human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene). ...
The Shaker (Sh) gene, when mutated, causes a variety of atypical behaviors in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. ...
KCNE1 is a gene associated with Long QT syndrome type 5. ...
Calcium-activated potassium channels: This family of ion channels is, for the most part, activated by intracellular Ca2+ and contains 8 members. ...
BK channels, also called MaxiK or slo1 channels, are large conductance Ca2+ and voltage-activated K+ channels, which allow K+ to leave the cytoplasm under physiological conditions when activated by membrane potential and/or intracellular Ca2+ . This results in hyperpolarization or a decrease in cell excitability. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Inwardly rectifing potassium channels (Kir or IRK) are potassium selective ion channels. ...
ROMK is an acronym for the Renal Outer Medullary Potassium channel. ...
KCNJ2 is a gene encoding a inward-rectifier potassium ion channel. ...
Two-pore-domain potassium channels: This family of 15 members form what is known as leak channels, and they follow Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (open) rectification. ...
Resting channels are ion channels in the plasma membrane of a cell that remain open at all times. ...
Cl: Chloride channel: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Ion channels are present in the membranes that surround all biological cells. ...
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter-class protein that functions in transporting chloride ions across epithelial cells found in the lung, liver, pancreas, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and skin. ...
Transient receptor potential (TRPV6) - Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel - Two-pore channel TRPV6 is a membrane calcium channel which is responsible for the first step in calcium absorption in the intestine. ...
A Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel is any ion channel that opens in the presence of cyclic nucleotides. ...
Two-pore channels: This small family of 2 members putatively forms cation-selective ion channels. ...
Porin: Aquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4) The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Sideview of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) Channel Aquaporins are a class of integral membrane proteins or more commonly referred to as a class of major intrinsic proteins (MIP) that form pores in the membrane of biological cells. ...
Sideview of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) Channel Aquaporins are a class of integral membrane proteins or more commonly referred to as a class of major intrinsic proteins (MIP) that form pores in the membrane of biological cells. ...
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