City of Springfield
Seal
Nickname: City of Homes
Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°06′05″N 72°35′25″W / 42.10139, -72.59028
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Hampden
Settled	1636
Incorporated	1852
Government
- Type	Mayor-council city
- Mayor	Domenic J Sarno (D)
Area
- City	33.2 sq mi (86.0 km²)
- Land	32.1 sq mi (83.1 km²)
- Water	1.1 sq mi (2.8 km²)
Elevation	70 ft (21 m)
Population (2000)
- City	154,082
- Density	4,737.7/sq mi (1,829.2/km²)
- Metro	680,510
Time zone	Eastern (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code	01101 01103 01104 01105 01107 01108 01109 01119 01128 01129 01151
Area code(s)	413
FIPS code	25-67000
GNIS feature ID	0609092
Website: http://www.springfieldcityhall.com/COS/

Springfield is a city in, and the county seat of, Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States.^[1] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 475 pixelsFull resolution (1134 × 674 pixel, file size: 125 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... // A nickname is a name of an entity or thing that is not its proper name. ... Image File history File links Springfield_ma_highlight. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The political units and divisions of the United States include: The 50 states... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Massachusetts counties This is a list of Massachusetts counties, consisting of the 14 Massachusetts counties currently in existence. ... Hampden County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Mayor-Council government is one of two variations of government most commonly used in modern representative municipal governments in the United States. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... The Eastern Standard Time Zone is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... The Eastern Standard Time Zone is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ... Area code 413 is the area code for western Massachusetts. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... Hampden County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

In the 2000 census, the city population was 154,082. It is the third largest city in Massachusetts and fourth largest in New England (behind Boston, Worcester, and Providence). Springfield holds two nicknames — The City of Homes and The City of Firsts. 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Boston redirects here. ... For other uses, see Worcester (disambiguation). ... Providence redirects here. ...

Historically the first Springfield in the United States, it is also the largest city with the name of Springfield. It is also the largest city on the Connecticut River (and the largest city in Western Massachusetts and the Pioneer Valley). // Look up Springfield in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Connecticut River as seen from the French King Bridge in western Massachusetts. ... Western Massachusetts is a loosely defined geographical region of the state of Massachusetts which contains the Berkshires and the Pioneer Valley. ... The Pioneer Valley and Connecticut River, looking southward toward the towns of Sunderland, Amherst and Whately. ...

Springfield is notable as birthplace of Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, as well as the city in which James Naismith invented basketball. It is home to the Basketball Hall of Fame and the Springfield Falcons AHL hockey team. It also holds the western world's largest collection of Chinese cloisonné at the G.W. Vincent Smith Art Museum. Theodor Seuss Geisel (pronounced ; March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was an American writer and cartoonist, better known by his pen name, Dr. Seuss (often pronounced , but he himself said [1]). He published over 40 childrens books, which were often characterized by his imaginative characters and frequent use of... James Naismith James A. Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was the inventor of the sport of basketball and the first to introduce the use of a helmet in American football. ... This article is about the sport. ... Basketball Hall of Fame Logo The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame honors players who have shown exceptional skill at basketball, all-time great coaches and referees, and other major contributors to the game. ... The Springfield Falcons are an ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. ... AHL might be an acronym or abbreviation for: American Hockey League acylated homoserine lactones This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Cloisonné is a multi-step enamel process used to produce jewelry, vases, and other decorative items. ... The Dr. Seuss Memorial and Museum of Fine Arts. ...

The Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties - Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin. As of the 2000 census, the Springfield MSA had a population of 680,014 (though a July 1, 2007 estimate placed the population at 682,657).^[2] It is also part of a larger northeastern metropolitan area known as the Megalopolis. Hampshire County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Megalopolis (Greek: large city, great city) can mean: The town of Megalópoli (Μεγαλοπολη), Megalopolis, Greece. ...

In an economic and cultural partnership with Hartford, Connecticut, the Springfield-Hartford region constitutes New England's Knowledge Corridor - the second-largest concentration of institutions of higher learning in New England, after Greater Boston. Hartford redirects here. ... New Englands Knowledge Corridor constitutes an economic and cultural partnership between the Connecticut River cities of Springfield, Massachusetts, Hartford, Connecticut, and surrounding towns. ... Light Blue represents the area in Massachusetts known as Greater Boston, while Dark Blue represents the Metro-Boston area and Red represents Boston proper, the City of Boston Greater Boston is the area of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts surrounding the city of Boston, Massachusetts. ...

History

Colonial settlement

Contact with European explorers, conquerors, and colonists from the 1500s onward brought diseases (possibly smallpox and measles) which decimated the native population of North America. By 1635, the still-active epidemics had left an estimated 5,000 Indians in all of New England.^[4] Nickname: Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1660 Incorporated (town) May 19, 1669 Incorporated (city) November 2, 1920 Government  - Mayor Michael R. Boulanger Area  - Total 47. ... Wilbraham is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 13,473. ... The Town of West Springfield (familiarly known as West Side) is a city[1] in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden County Settled 1751 Incorporated 1775 Government  - Type Representative town meeting Area  - Town  28. ... Southwick is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Montgomery is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Longmeadow is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Russell is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... See Holyoke, Colorado for the city in Colorado. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1635 Incorporated 1855 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Richard A. Cohen (D) Area  - Total 24. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1640 Incorporated 1848 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael D. Bissonnette Area  - Total 23. ... Hampden is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... East Longmeadow is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States situated in the Pioneer Valley region of Western Massachusetts. ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a contagious disease unique to humans. ...

In 1635, William Pynchon, then the assistant treasurer of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, led an expedition with John Cable and John Woodcock, either up the Connecticut River or west across land from the Boston settlement, to the site of the Native American village of Agawam (which was associated with either the Pocomtuc or Nipmuck tribe) on the western bank. The lands nearest the river were both clear of trees due to occasional burns by the Indians, and covered in nutrient-rich river silt from occasional floods.^[5] They constructed a pre-fabricated house south of the Westfield River in what is now Agawam, Massachusetts. Cable and Woodcock were supplied with food and goods to trade over the winter. William Pynchon (October 11, 1590 – October 29, 1662) was a Colonial Assistant, Treasurer, and original Patentee of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... A map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Capital Charlestown, Boston History  - Established 1629  - New England Confederation 1643  - Dominion of New England 1686  - Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692  - Disestablished 1692 The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it) was an English settlement on... The Pocomtuc were a Native American tribe inhabiting the Connecticut River valley from the northern tip of Connecticut, Western Massachusetts, and the tri-state area of Vermont, New Hammpshire, and Massachusetts. ... Nipmuck emblem The Nipmuck are an aboriginal North American people, belonging to the family of Algonquian peoples, currently living in and around the Chaubunagungamaug Reservation of Webster, Massachusetts. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1635 Incorporated 1855 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Richard A. Cohen (D) Area  - Total 24. ...

In 1636, Pynchon led a settlement expedition with at least seven other men.^[6] The English settlers and their livestock travelled over land from the existing settlements in eastern Massachusetts, while some supplies were transported by boat.^[7] Pynchon's party purchased (by barter) land on both sides of river from the 18 inhabitants of the village, representing the inner tracts of what is now Agawam, West Springfield, Longmeadow, Springfield, and Chicopee.^[8] The Indians retained foraging and hunting rights, the rights to their existing farmlands, and were granted the right to compensation if the English cattle ruined their corn crops.^[9] A 19th-centure example of barter: A sample labor for labor note for the Cincinnati Time Store. ...

The settlement was originally named Agawam Plantation, but in 1640 it was renamed Springfield after the village near Chelmsford, Essex in England where Pynchon was born. Chelmsford Borough Council Coat Of Arms , Chelmsford is the county town of Essex, England. ... For other meanings of Essex, see Essex (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

After warnings about the west side being prone to flooding,^[10] and to "avoid trespassing" on the reserved Indian lands, the settlement moved to the less favorable farmland on the east side of the river, and the initial land grants to English families were made there.^[11] Long, narrow plots of farmland were created, extending out from the river, in addition to more distant forested "wood lots". A warehouse was also constructed at Warehouse Point in Connecticut, to facilitate the main profit-generating industry for the settlement - trade with the Indians for beaver skins.^[12]

Purchases of large swaths of land from the Indians continued throughout the 1600s, enlarging Springfield's territory and forming other colonial towns elsewhere in the Pioneer Valley. Westfield was the westernmost settlement of Massachusetts Bay Colony until 1725, making Springfield a "frontier town" for a number of decades.^[13] Over decades and centuries, portions of Springfield were sectioned off to form neighboring towns (see table for dates and links to individual town histories). A map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Capital Charlestown, Boston History  - Established 1629  - New England Confederation 1643  - Dominion of New England 1686  - Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692  - Disestablished 1692 The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it) was an English settlement on...

Due to imprecision in surveying the colonial borders, Springfield was soon embroiled in a boundary dispute between the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Connecticut Colony which was not resolved until 1803-4. (See the article on the History of Massachusetts.) As a result, some lands originally administered by Springfield are now in Connecticut.^[14] A map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Capital Charlestown, Boston History  - Established 1629  - New England Confederation 1643  - Dominion of New England 1686  - Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692  - Disestablished 1692 The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it) was an English settlement on... A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies. ... Flag of Massachusetts The Commonwealth of Massachusetts was created in the late 1700s. ...

Springfield remained a small working town when its security was threatened in 1675, during King Philip's War. The leader of the Wampanoag Indian tribe, Wamsutta, died shortly after being questioned at gunpoint by Plymouth colonists. Soon thereafter, the war began. Wamsutta's brother and successor, Metacomet, known as Philip to the colonists, started war with the colony to avenge his brother's death; the Pocomtuc tribe attacked Springfield and destroyed more than half the town on October 5, 1675.^[15] Attack King Philips War, sometimes called Metacoms War or Metacoms Rebellion,[1] was an armed conflict between Indian inhabitants of present-day southern New England and English colonists and their Indian allies from 1675–1676. ... The Wampanoag (Wôpanâak in the Wampanoag language) are a Native American people. ... Wamsutta (b. ... Metacomet (died August 12, 1676), also known as King Philip or Metacom, was a war chief or sachem of the Wampanoag Indians and their leader in King Philips War. ... The Pocomtuc were a Native American tribe inhabiting the Connecticut River valley from the northern tip of Connecticut, Western Massachusetts, and the tri-state area of Vermont, New Hammpshire, and Massachusetts. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Year 1675 (MDCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Springfield Armory

During the 1770s, George Washington selected Springfield as the site of the National Armory. By the 1780s the Arsenal was a major ammunition and weapons depot. In 1787 poor farmers from western Massachusetts, led by Daniel Shays, tried to seize the arms at Springfield. This came to be known as Shays's Rebellion, and was a key event leading to the Federal Constitutional Convention. Those involved in the rebellion planned to use the weapons to force the closure of the Commonwealth and county courts, which were seizing their lands for debt. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... This is an article about the US Government Arsenal. ... Engraving depicting Nick Gaskin (left) and Job Shattuck Nickolas Jarrod Gaskin (Born July 9, 1990), is a teenager in Forrest City, Arkansas. ... Shayss Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts that lasted from 1786 to 1787. ... hi:Alternative meaning: Constitutional convention (political custom) this is random:Alternative meaning: Constitutional convention (political custom) A constitutional convention is a gathering of delegates for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. ...

The term Springfield Rifle may refer to any sort of arms produced by the Springfield Armory for the United States armed forces. The term Springfield Rifle may refer to any one of several types of small arms produced by the Springfield Armory in Springfield, Massachusetts, for the United States armed forces. ... The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ...

Industrialization

Springfield is known as the City of Homes, a nickname given to it in the late 19th century due to its many Victorian mansions, as well as multitudes of single-family houses inhabited by workers. Manchester Town Hall is an example of Victorian architecture found in Manchester, UK. The Carson Mansion is an example of a Victorian home in Eureka, California, USA The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles predominantly in the Victorian era. ...

Main Street, looking north, 1905

Wason Manufacturing Company, one of the earliest makers of railway passenger coach equipment in the United States, was established in Springfield in 1845. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 535 pixelsFull resolution (935 × 625 pixels, file size: 102 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Postcard: Main Street, looking north, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1905 postmark Description: Undivided back postcard, address side shown on store Web page with September 30, 1905 postmark Source... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 535 pixelsFull resolution (935 × 625 pixels, file size: 102 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Postcard: Main Street, looking north, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1905 postmark Description: Undivided back postcard, address side shown on store Web page with September 30, 1905 postmark Source... The Wason Manufacturing Company was a maker of railway passenger coaches during the 19th and early 20th century. ...

In 1856, Horace Smith and Daniel B. Wesson formed Smith & Wesson to manufacture revolvers. The company headquarters are still located in Springield. Horace Smith (born Cheshire, Massachusetts, 1808 - died 1893) partnered with Daniel B. Wesson in Norwich, Connecticut in the early 1850s to develop the first repeating rifle, the Volcanic rifle. ... Daniel B. Wesson (born Worcester, Massachusetts, May 18, 1825 - died August 4, 1906) partnered with Horace Smith in Norwich, Connecticut in the early 1850s to develop the first repeating rifle, the Volcanic rifle. ... Smith & Wesson NASDAQ: SWHC (S&W) is the largest manufacturer of handguns in the United States. ... Revolver is also a rock-and-roll album by The Beatles. ...

Charles Gilbert and John Barker formed the Gilbert and Barker Manufacturing Company in 1865. The company produced gasoline pumps in Springfield until moving to West Springfield, Massachusetts in 1912. The company became Gilbarco and moved to Greensboro, North Carolina in 1965. [2] John Barker may refer to: John Barker (scholar) (fl. ... The Town of West Springfield (familiarly known as West Side) is a city[1] in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Gilbarco Veeder-Root, a member of the Danaher Corp, is a leading producer of gas pumps and other fuel industry hardware along with Point of Sale systems. ... Greensboro redirects here. ...

Two Springfielders, Charles and Frank Duryea, built a gasoline powered automobile in Springfield in 1893. The Duryea Motor Wagon was put on the streets (in what is now Chicopee, home of Stevens Arms) on September 20, 1893 and soon became to be the first ever offered for sale. The Duryeas were joined in the automobile industry in 1900 by Skene (which disappeared the next year) and Knox (which survived until 1914). Charles Edgar Duryea (December 15, 1861 – September 28, 1938) was a manufacturer of motor vehicles. ... James Frank Duryea (October 8, 1869, Washburn, Illinois - February 15, 1967, Saybrook, Connecticut), along with his brother Charles Duryea invented and built one of the first. ... Petrol redirects here. ... Car redirects here. ... Duryea was the first American automobile manufacturer, trailing the French Panhard firm by just 4 years. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1640 Incorporated 1848 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael D. Bissonnette Area  - Total 23. ... Stevens Arms was founded as J. Stevens & Co. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Automakers are companies that produce automobiles. ... The Skene was an American automobile manufactured from 1900 to 1901. ... Knox Automobile Company was a manufacturer of Brass Era automobiles in Springfield, Massachusetts. ...

Indian Motorcycles were manufactured in Springfield from 1901 to 1953. Chief and Scout models were the best sellers from the 1920s to the 1950s. The Hendee Manufacturing Company, Indian's parent company, also manufactured other products such as aircraft engines, bicycles, boat motors, and air conditioners. The Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company, Americas oldest motorcycle brand, was founded as the Hendee Manufacturing Company by George M. Hendee and C. Oscar Hedstrom in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1901, two years before Harley Davidson Motor Company. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For other uses, see Bicycle (disambiguation). ... Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ...

From 1921 to 1931 a Rolls-Royce factory in Springfield assembled nearly 3000 Silver Ghosts and Phantoms before production was halted by the Great Depression.[3] Rolls-Royce Limited was an British car and, later, aero-engine manufacturing company founded by Henry Royce and Charles Stewart Rolls on 15 March 1906 and was the result of a partnership formed in 1904. ... AX201 at Cat and Fiddle Hill during the Scottish Reliability Trial 1907 Rolls-Royce 40/50 HP Silver Ghost Sedanca De Ville 1921 Rolls-Royce 40/50 HP Silver Ghost Tourer 1922 Rolls-Royce 40/50 HP Silver Ghost 1924 The Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost refers both to a car... The Phantom was Rolls-Royces replacement for the original Silver Ghost. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ...

Granville Brothers Aircraft manufactured aircraft at Springfield Airport from 1929 until their bankruptcy in 1934. They are best known for the trophy and speed record holding Senior Sportster series of racing aircraft. Gee Bee R-1 Granville Brothers Aircraft was a aircraft manufacturer best known for the production of the Gee Bee line of air racers, which are synonymous with the Golden Age of Air Racing. ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administration—see text) in the United Kingdom. ...

Floods

In 1936, Springfield suffered its most devastating natural disaster. The Connecticut River flooded, reaching record heights, inundating the South End and the North End (before the flood, some of Springfield's finest houses stood where Interstate 91 now runs). Damages were estimated at $200,000,000 in 1936. This flood occurred at the height of the Great Depression; Western Massachusetts and Springfield had already suffered greatly. The water damage was repaired after WPA money was made available to Springfield. However, large riverfront portions of the North and South Ends no longer exist. The Connecticut River as seen from the French King Bridge in western Massachusetts. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Interstate 91 Interstate 91 (abbreviated I-91) is an interstate highway in the New England section of the United States. ... USD redirects here. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... Western Massachusetts is a loosely defined geographical region of the state of Massachusetts which contains the Berkshires and the Pioneer Valley. ... WPA is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings: Washington Project for the Arts, an arts organization based in Washington, D.C. Walter Payton Award, in U.S. Division I-AA football War Powers Act, a U.S. federal law, also known as the Trading with the Enemy Act and...

Two years later, water hit Springfield again. The New England Hurricane of 1938 came up the east coast of the United States on September 21, 1938, flooding the Connecticut River Valley once again. Lowest pressure 938 mbar (hPa; 27. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Birthplace of basketball

The city of Springfield is most commonly known as the birthplace of basketball. In 1891, James Naismith, a physical education teacher in Springfield, invented the sport at the Springfield YMCA, now Springfield College, to fill the gap between the football and baseball seasons. The sport quickly became popular worldwide. On February 17, 1968, The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame was opened on the Springfield College campus, which was replaced by a larger facility on the east bank of the Connecticut river in 1985. In 2002, a newer facility for the Hall of Fame opened next to the existing site. Shaped like a basketball and illuminated at night, it has become an interesting landmark to the cityscape. The first building to serve as an indoor basketball court resides at Wilbraham and Monson Academy and has since been converted into a dormitory (Smith Hall). This article is about the sport. ... James Naismith James A. Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was the inventor of the sport of basketball and the first to introduce the use of a helmet in American football. ... Not to be confused with YWCA. This article is about the association. ... Springfield College is a college located in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Basketball Hall of Fame Logo The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame honors players who have shown exceptional skill at basketball, all-time great coaches and referees, and other major contributors to the game. ... Springfield College is a college located in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... This article is about the sport. ... Seattle, Washington cityscape Houses of Parliament, Sunset, 1902, by Claude Monet View of Delft (1660-1661) by Jan Vermeer A cityscape is the urban equivalent of a landscape. ...

State takeover

After an ongoing fiscal crisis, the Massachusetts General Court granted control of the city (especially finance, personnel, and real estate matters) to the Springfield Finance Control Board on June 30, 2004. The Board is composed of three appointees of the State Secretary of Administration and Finance, the Mayor, and the President of the City Council, and is expected to be in charge of the city until June 30, 2009.^[16][17] The Massachusetts General Court is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ...

The fiscal problems had already resulted in wage freezes, cuts in city services, fee increases, and layoffs.

The FCB operates under the overall direction of Massachusetts Secretary of Finance and Administration Leslie Kirwan. The FCB legislation included a state loan of $52 million to be paid back with future city tax receipts.^[18] A $20 million grant was originally included, but then-House Speaker Thomas Finneran killed that section, fearing it would invite fiscal irresponsibility among other municipalities. Initial estimates placed the city's operating deficit at over $40 million annually. The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of Massachusetts. ... Former Speaker of the MA House of Representatives Thomas Finneran. ...

The original FCB bill filed by Governor Romney included a suspension of Chapter 150E, the state law that defines the collective bargaining process for public employees (state employees are not covered by federal labor laws). Opposition from the unions killed that section.

City and state officials disagree over the causes. The State blamed overspending relative to income by the city. Municipal officials blame dwindling local aid during the statewide financial crisis in 2003.^[19] Other observers noted a weak economy and years of mismanagement and corruption in city government.^[20]

As of 2006, the Control Board has balanced the City's budget. The City, prior to the FCB, had frozen all wage increases for employees for several years, resulting in substantial litigation with employee unions. Their suits claim that the wage freeze violated their contracts and the collective bargaining law itself and was done without proper legal authority. The City claimed that Chapter 656 of the Acts of 1989 authorized and directed the City to do so. As of June 30, 2007 all 27 union contracts have been resolved. Teachers scored a victory in court when Judge Constance Sweeney ruled the wage freeze implemented by former Mayor Michael Albano to be illegal. (The control board's freezes were ruled to be not at issue, but the judge suggested they have less legal footing). A sum of $2.1 million was awarded to them. The city appealed, however the contract was resolved and the rulings and issue made moot.^[21] Prose is writing distinguished from poetry by its greater variety of rhythm and its closer resemblance to everyday speech. ...

Until the FY2007 budget, city residents had not experienced any direct impacts by the control board's actions. In the '07 budget, the FCB approved a $90 trash fee. Controversy and outrage erupted city-wide over the fee, however it is projected to bring in $4.5 million and balance the city's budget. Despite protests from residents, and other city and state elected officials, the FCB directed that it be implemented in October 2006. That year city residents filed a law suit, claiming the fee was illegal. A temporary injuction was placed against the city. The city was barred from collecting the fee until the issue was resolved. In the end, the fee was allowed to go into effect as long as the city made clear municipal garbage pickup was voluntary as long as other services were secured.^[22] Recycling collection remains free.

In early 2007, Gov. Deval Patrick announced the board will be extended for at least another year instead of expiring in June as planned, and later that spring announced that he would be replacing the appointed members. At the June 28, 2007 meeting Governor Patrick's new appointees, Chris Gabrieli, Robert Nunes, and Springfield resident James O'S. Morton held their first meeting along with Mayor Charles Ryan and City Council President Kateri Walsh. Chris Gabrelli was appointed chairman at this meeting and the Board voted to extend its term until June 30, 2009.

With the recent 2007 mayor election, mayor Domenic Sarno joins the Control Board joined by newly-named City Council President Bud Williams.

As of 2008, the FCB has a staff of five: Executive Director Stephen Lisauskas, Chief Development Officer David B. Panagore, Deputy Executive Director, Patricia Vinchesi, Executive Assistant Ann-Marie Mahnken and Receptionist Candace McKenna.

Geography

Springfield is located at 42°6′45″N, 72°32′51″W (42.112411, -72.547455).^[23] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 33.2 square miles (86.0 km²), of which, 32.1 square miles (83.1 km²) of it is land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km²) of it (3.31%) is water. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ...

Springfield sits on the bank of the Connecticut River, just a few miles north of the border between Massachusetts and Connecticut. Along the river, the city is fairly low and flat. Moving outward from the river, the terrain becomes more hilly, most prominently along State Street and Belmont Avenue. The Connecticut River as seen from the French King Bridge in western Massachusetts. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[2] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[3] Area  Ranked 48th in the US  - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ...

Springfield is typically divided up into eighteen distinct neighborhoods. They are, as defined by the city Election commission: Bay, Boston Road, Brightwood, East Forest Park, East Springfield, Forest Park, Indian Orchard, Liberty Heights, McKnight, Memorial Square, Metro Center, North End, Old Hill, Pine Point, Six Corners, Sixteen Acres, South End, and Upper Hill. Their exact boundaries are disputed by Census data, civic wards, precinct borders, zip codes, and the opinions of the city's citizens. Many of the neighborhoods are subdivided again according to landmarks or voting precincts. Some names are unofficial, but are used by area residents nonetheless. For example, the Hollywood section in the South End actually refers to a housing complex, and Mason Square is the central intersection in the McKnight neighborhood.

Forest Park lies in the southwestern part of the city, along the border with affluent Longmeadow. The park is one of the largest municipal parks in the United States. The city shares borders with the towns of Longmeadow, East Longmeadow, Wilbraham, and Ludlow and the city of Chicopee. The cities of Agawam and West Springfield are across the Connecticut River. The city also owns Cobble Mountain Reservoir, its water supply, located in the towns of Blandford, Granville, and Russell, at the western edge of Hampden County. It also owns Franconia Golf Course, located mostly in East Longmeadow. Forest Park (735 acres), on the banks of the Connecticut River in Springfield, Massachusetts, is one of the largest municipal parks in the United States. ... Longmeadow is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Longmeadow is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... East Longmeadow is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Wilbraham is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 13,473. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden County Settled 1751 Incorporated 1775 Government  - Type Representative town meeting Area  - Town  28. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1640 Incorporated 1848 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael D. Bissonnette Area  - Total 23. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1635 Incorporated 1855 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Richard A. Cohen (D) Area  - Total 24. ... The Town of West Springfield (familiarly known as West Side) is a city[1] in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... The Connecticut River as seen from the French King Bridge in western Massachusetts. ...   Blandford is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Granville, Massachusetts is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Russell is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... East Longmeadow is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ...

Climate

Springfield's climate is warm and humid during the summer when temperatures tend to be in the 80s and very cold during the winter when temperatures tend to be in the 30s.

The warmest month of the year is July with an average maximum temperature of 85.50 °F (29.72 °C), while the coldest month of the year is January with an average minimum temperature of 6.90 °F (-13.9 °C). For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ...

Temperature variations between night and day tend to be moderate during summer with a difference that can reach 28 °F (−2 °C) and moderate during winter with an average difference of 25 °F (−4 °C).

The annual average precipitation at Springfield is 61.65 in (156 cm). Rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The wettest month of the year is May with an average rainfall of 6.11 in (15 cm).^[24] An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...

Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 152,082 people, 57,130 households, and 36,391 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,737.7 people per square mile (1,829.3/km²). There are nearly 2 million residents in the greater Springfield-Hartford metro region. In Springfield proper, there were 61,172 housing units at an average density of 1,905.6/sq mi (735.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.11% White, 1.92% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 21.01% African American, 0.37% Native American, 16.45% from other races, and 4.04% from two or more races. 27.18% of the population were Hispanic of any race. Ancestries include: Irish (12.6%), Italian (9.3%), French (8.2%), Polish (6.0%), and English (4.8%).[4] The United [[States Census of 1790 was the first Census conducted in the United States. ... The United States Census of 1800 was the second Census conducted in the United States. ... The United States Census of 1810 was the third Census conducted in the United States. ... The United States Census of 1820 was the fourth Census conducted in the United States. ... The United States Census of 1830 was the fifth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Sixth Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 — an increase of 32. ... The Seventh Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876 — an increase of 35. ... The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Ninth United States Census was taken in 1870. ... 1880 US Census The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census. ... The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 1, 1890. ... 1900 US Census The Twelfth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21. ... The Thirteenth United States Census was taken in 1910. ... The Fourteenth United States Census was taken in 1920. ... The Fifteenth United States Census was taken in 1930. ... The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7. ... The Seventeenth United States Census was taken in 1950. ... The Eighteenth United States Census was taken in 1960. ... The Nineteenth United States Census was taken in 1970. ... The Twentieth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11. ... The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... The United States Census of year 2000, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo-Americans) are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. ...

There were 57,130 households out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% were married couples living together, 23.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city the population was spread out with 28.9% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.7 years. For every 100 females there were 89 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,417, and the median income for a family was $36,285. Males had a median income of $32,396 versus $26,536 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,232. 19.3% of families and 23.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.3% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over. Per capita income means how much each individual receives, in monetary terms, of the yearly income generated in their country. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Government

See also: List of Springfield Mayors

Springfield became a city on May 25, 1852, by decree of the Massachusetts Legislature. Springfield, like all municipalities in Massachusetts, enjoys limited home rule. Prior to the Control Board, Springfield's government had the power to establish commissions, pass city ordinances, set tax rates, write a budget, and other miscellaneous operations specifically relating to the city. The current city charter, in effect since 1959, uses a "strong mayor" government with most power concentrated in the mayor, as in Boston and elsewhere. The mayor representing the city's executive branch presents the budget, appoints commissioners and department heads, and in general runs the city. The Mayor-Elect is City Councilor Domenic Sarno, elected 6 November 2007 by a margin of 52.54% to 47.18%. He took office in January, 2008. Mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts Caleb Rice (1852-1853) Philos B. Tyler (1854) Elephalt Trask (1855) Ansel Phelps, Jr. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Massachusetts General Court is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Devolution or Home rule is the pooling of powers from central government to government at regional or local level. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... This is a list of Mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

The City Council, consisting of nine members, is the city's legislative branch. Each of the members are elected at-large, along with the mayor, every odd numbered year. It passes the budget, authorizes bond sales, holds hearings, creates departments and commissions, and amends zoning laws. The city council appoints a president who becomes acting mayor should a vacancy occur in the office. A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ...

The mayor's office and city council chambers are in city hall - part of the Municipal Group in downtown Springfield. The Finance Control Board meets there as well. The Municipal Group of Springfield, Massachusetts is a collection of three prominent municipal buildings in the citys downtown. ...

In the past, efforts have been made to provide each of the city's eight wards a seat in the city council, instead of the current at-large format. There would still be about three at-large seats under this format. The primary argument for this has been that City Councilors currently live in only four of the city's wards. Thus far, the initiative has failed to pass the City Council twice. If ever passed, it would still need the approval of the Massachusetts legislature and the Governor. More recently Mayor Charles V. Ryan and City Councilor Jose Tosedo proposed a home-rule amendment that would expand the council to thirteen members adding four seats to the existing nine member at large system, but allocated between eight ward and five at large seats. This home-rule petition was adopted by the City Council 8-1, and has since been passed by the State Senate and House and signed by the Governor. On election day, November 6, 2007, city residents voted overwhelmingly in favor of changing the City Council and School Committee. The changes will take effect with the next regular election. Many proponents of ward representation argue that the slim Caucasian majority in Springfield keeps the city council out of touch with the needs of Springfield's large black and Hispanic populations, and that the cost of running a city-wide campaign is prohibitively high for local black or Hispanic politicians who could represent their home wards more effectively than they are currently being represented. Others argue that some blacks and Hispanics have run for office, and that the current minority representation on the Council would not increase under ward representation as proposed. Some citizens believe that the problem might be corrected by greater voter turnout among blacks and Hispanics. The plaintiffs hoped to postpone the 2005 municipal election pending the judge's ruling, but the motion was denied. The case itself is ongoing; however, further action by the Court has been stayed pending the local ballot measure. The Massachusetts General Court is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ...

In 2007, a ballot question to establish a new council with five at-large seats and eight ward seats passed 3-1. The first election reflecting the change will be in 2009, which will seat councilors in 2010.

Courts

The city has no judicial branch itself, but rather uses the Springfield based state courts, which include Springfield district court and Hampden County Superior Court. The Federal District Court also hears cases regularly in Springfield. Hampden County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... The United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts is the Federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of Massachusetts. ...

Education

Public schools

Springfield also has the third largest school district in Massachusetts operating 38 elementary schools, six high schools, six middle schools (6-8) and seven specialized schools. The city School Committee recently passed a new neighborhood school program to improve schools and reduce the growing busing costs associated with the current plan. The plan faces stiff opposition from parents and minority groups who claim that the schools are still unequal. The city is required under a 1970s court order to balance school racially which had necessitated busing. However, since then, the city and the school's population has shifted and many of the neighborhoods are more integrated, calling into question the need for busing at all. Though the plan is likely to be challenged in court, the state Board of Education decided it did not have authority to review it, sidestepping the volatile issue while effectively blessing it. Children at a parade in North College Hill, Ohio Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation... A board of education or a school board or school committee is the title of the board of directors of a school, local school district or higher administrative level. ...

Private schools

The city also has several private schools. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield operates five Catholic elementary schools in the city and many more elsewhere in the diocese. The dioceses also runs Cathedral High School. Cathedral High School is also the most prominent Catholic high school in the area. Also located in Springfield is The MacDuffie School, a nonsectarian school founded in 1890. A non-denominational private Christian school also exists in Springfield. Pioneer Valley Christian School is located in the Sixteen Acres neighborhood. The school educates students through a comprehensive Christian curriculum from kindergarten through high school.Springfield also has Our Lady of Hope School. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States comprising the counties of Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden in the state of Massachusetts. ... Cathedral High School is a Roman Catholic college-preparatory High School in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... The MacDuffie School is a private school for grades 6-12 located in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Higher education

Springfield is home to three 4-year colleges: Springfield College, Western New England College and American International College. On the grounds of the former Springfield Armory is Springfield Technical Community College. The greater Springfield area is home to nine colleges: Elms College, Westfield State College, Amherst College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, Bay Path College, Hampshire College, University of Massachusetts at Amherst and Holyoke Community College. Springfield College is a college located in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Western New England College is an excellent example of epic fail. ... DAR Hall American International College is a private, co-educational institution located in the Mason Square neighborhood of Springfield, Massachusetts. ... This is an article about the US Government Arsenal. ... Springfield Technical Community College better known as STCC (pronounced stick by locals) is a two-year community college in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Elms College is a coeducational private liberal arts college that is located in Chicopee, Massachusetts. ... Westfield State College is a small liberal arts college, located in Westfield, Massachusetts, USA. Located 20 minutes from Springfield, MA and about 2 hours from Boston. ... Amherst College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. It is the third oldest college in Massachusetts. ... Mount Holyoke College is a liberal arts womens college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. ... Smith College is a private, independent womens liberal arts college located in Northampton, Massachusetts. ... Bay Path College is a private college that is located in Longmeadow, Massachusetts. ... Hampshire College is an experimenting private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts. ... The center of the UMass Amherst campus. ... Holyoke Community College (HCC) is a state-funded public two year college located in Holyoke, Massachusetts. ...

Economy

For nearly six decades, Springfield has been slumping economically, due largely to a decline in manufacturing. Many major companies that maintained factories in the city closed their facilities, moving to the suburbs or out of New England all together. In 1968, the Springfield Armory was closed by the Pentagon. Another large manufacturer, American Bosch, shuttered its doors in 1986. In 2005, this exodus continued, with the closure of the Danaher Tool forge, maker of Craftsman tools. Many Springfield residents moved to the suburbs to escape inner-city crime and urban decay. Because manufacturing had been a large part of Springfield's economy, it proved difficult to fill the void with a service-based economy, more so than in similar cities with more diversified economies. This is an article about the US Government Arsenal. ... This article is about the United States military building. ... Craftsman is a line of tools and lawn and garden equipment, owned by KCD IP, LLC (Kenmore Craftsman DieHard Intellectual Property, Limited Liability Company). ...

Local department stores, Forbes & Wallace and Steigers, shuttered in 1974 and 1994, respectively. Johnsons Bookstore closed a few years later, though this was due less to a decline in retail downtown than competition from chain bookstores, such as Barnes and Noble. Many banks headquartered in Springfield closed or merged with larger banks, (in fact, all but Hampden Bank, which remains the only Springfield-based bank.) A downtown revitalization project known as Baystate West, was completed in 1973, but over the years it too became empty. The construction contributed to Springfield's somewhat modern 1970s-era skyline. The Eastfield Mall, built on Springfield's outskirts in 1969, proved more successful. However, it suffered a decline after the Holyoke Mall was opened in the 1980s. Over the past five years, the mall has rebounded; consequently, Springfield's largest retail area is now on Boston Road, on the northeastern edge of the city, rather than downtown. Forbes and Wallace Inc. ... A typical Barnes & Noble bookstore. ... Hampden Bank (formerly Hampden Savings Bank) remains the only bank headquartered in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... The Eastfield Mall is a shopping mall in Springfield, Massachusetts. ...

Companies

• Baystate Health — Largest employer and healthcare provider in Western Massachusetts
• Big Y Foods, Inc. — Corporate headquarters on Roosevelt Avenue.
• Breck Shampoo Founded in Springfield in 1936.
• Friendly Ice Cream Corporation — Founded in Springfield, currently headquartered Wilbraham, Massachusetts.
• Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company — Founded in 1851. MassMutual in the largest Fortune 500 company based in Massachusetts. The corporate headquarters are on State Street.
• Milton Bradley Company — American game company established in 1860. Headquartered in Springfield until relocation to East Longmeadow, MA
• TD Banknorth — Massachusetts branch is headquartered in downtown Springfield.
• Smith & Wesson — Founded in 1852, Smith & Wesson is America's largest producer of handguns. The company currently maintains its corporate headquarters on Roosevelt Avenue in Springfield and is one of the city's more prestigious employers.
• Indian Manufacturing Company — America's first motorcycle brand, was founded by George M. Hendee and C. Oscar Hedstrom in Springfield in 1901; two years before Harley Davidson Motor Company.
• W.F. Young, Inc. manufacturers of Absorbine and Absorbine Jr. Headquartered in Springfield over 50 years until recent relocation to East Longmeadow, MA
• American Hockey League, the primary development league for the NHL.
• Peter Pan Bus Lines
• SD Plotkin & Associates

The Big Y logo. ... Breck Shampoo is an American brand of shampoo that is also known for its Breck Girls advertising campaign. ... Friendly Ice Cream Corporation AMEX: FRN, best known for its Friendlys restaurant chain, was founded in 1935 in Springfield, Massachusetts by two young brothers, 18-year-old Curtis Blake and 20-year-old Prestley Blake. ... Wilbraham is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 13,473. ... MassMutual Financial Group, best known as the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, is a major financial services corporation. ... The Fortune 500 is a ranking of the top 500 United States corporations as measured by gross revenue. ... Milton Bradley (1836 - 1911) was a game pioneer, credited by many with launching the game industry in North America. ... East Longmeadow is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... The companys logo TD Banknorth, formerly Banknorth, is a 100%-owned subsidiary of Toronto-Dominion Bank. ... Smith & Wesson is Americas largest manufacturer of handguns, located in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... A handgun is a firearm small enough to be carried and used in one hand. ... The Indian Motocycle Manufacturing Company was a motorcycle manufacturer in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... For other uses, see Motorcycle (disambiguation). ... Logo on a 2003 Harley Davidson The Harley-Davidson Motor Company (NYSE: HDI) is a manufacturer of motorcycles based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. ... East Longmeadow is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... The American Hockey League (AHL) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League (NHL). ... NHL redirects here. ... Peter Pan Bus Lines is a long-distance bus carrier that operates in the northeastern states of the United States. ...

Culture

The Dr. Seuss Memorial and Museum of Fine Arts at The Quadrangle

Springfield was and remains, in many respects, the cultural center of Western Massachusetts since its founding in the early 1600s. Because of the distance from Boston then (and to a degree now) many feel that the city and region are ignored by the powers that be in the eastern parts of the state. Said powers are periodically accused of lumping Springfield and its formerly industrial neighbors together with the rest of the agricultural areas west of Worcester. Image File history File links The Quadrangle in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Image File history File links The Quadrangle in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Western Massachusetts is a loosely defined geographical region of the state of Massachusetts which contains the Berkshires and the Pioneer Valley. ... For other uses, see Worcester (disambiguation). ...

Some have observed, sarcastically, that Springfield maintains a better relationship with Hartford than with Boston. Springfield is physically closer to Hartford, shares a major interstate highway, and Bradley International Airport. Sometimes they are considered twin cities. Hartford redirects here. ... Interstate Highways in the lower 48 states. ... BDL redirects here. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Springfield retains strong ethnic characteristics seen in the variety of restaurants available in all parts of the city. Remnants of the city's industrial glory are best represented in its museums at The Quadrangle and its library system. Though both have suffered funding cuts in recent years, they remain well-respected and sizable considering the relatively small population. Springfield also has its own well-respected orchestra. The Dr. Seuss Memorial and Museum of Fine Arts. ... The Springfield Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based in Springfield, Massachusetts. ...

Points of interest

• The Quadrangle, a grouping of museums and sculpture gardens, remains a testament to the city's nineteenth-century grandeur.
• Bright Nights is a cultural attraction during the Christmas season. Forest Park is decorated with lights in the form of various characters and scenes, some of which are animated, including some from the works of Springfield native Dr. Seuss. Tourists drive their cars along a meandering path through the park.
• CityStage and Symphony Hall offer concerts, off-Broadway productions, children's programming, and guest speakers.
• St. Michael's Cathedral, Springfield
• Basketball Hall of Fame
• Worthington street the Entertainment District

The Dr. Seuss Memorial and Museum of Fine Arts. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Forest Park (735 acres), on the banks of the Connecticut River in Springfield, Massachusetts, is one of the largest municipal parks in the United States. ... Theodor Seuss Geisel (pronounced ; March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was an American writer and cartoonist, better known by his pen name, Dr. Seuss (often pronounced , but he himself said [1]). He published over 40 childrens books, which were often characterized by his imaginative characters and frequent use of... St. ... Basketball Hall of Fame Logo The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame honors players who have shown exceptional skill at basketball, all-time great coaches and referees, and other major contributors to the game. ...

Sports

Besides Springfield's historic connection with basketball, the city has a rich sporting history. Volleyball was invented in the adjacent city of Holyoke, and the first exhibition match was held in 1896 at the International YMCA Training School. For the ball used in this sport, see Volleyball (ball). ... See Holyoke, Colorado for the city in Colorado. ... Springfield College is a college located in Springfield, Massachusetts. ...

Ice hockey has been played professionally in Springfield since the 1920s, and the Springfield Indians of the American Hockey League (now located in Peoria, Illinois) was the oldest minor league hockey franchise in existence. In 1994 the team relocated to Worcester and was replaced by the current Springfield Falcons, who play at the MassMutual Center downtown. Springfield is still home to the league office of the American Hockey League. For parts of two seasons (1978-80) the NHL Hartford Whalers played in Springfield while their arena was undergoing repairs after a roof collapse. On the amateur level, the Junior A Springfield Olympics played for many years at the Olympia, while American International College's Yellow Jackets compete in NCAA Division III hockey. Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. ... The Springfield Indians was a founding franchise of the American Hockey League, existing (with two interruptions) from 1926 to 1994. ... The American Hockey League (AHL) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League (NHL). ... : Will it Play in Peoria? United States Illinois Peoria 46. ... The 1994-95 AHL season was the 59th season of the American Hockey League. ... For other uses, see Worcester (disambiguation). ... The Springfield Falcons are an ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. ... The MassMutual Center is a 6,677-seat multi-purpose arena in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... The American Hockey League (AHL) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League (NHL). ... NHL redirects here. ... The Hartford Whalers were an American professional ice hockey team based in Hartford, Connecticut. ... DAR Hall American International College is a private, co-educational institution located in the Mason Square neighborhood of Springfield, Massachusetts. ... The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA, often said NC-Double-A) is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions, conferences, organizations and individuals that organizes the athletics programs of many colleges and universities in the United States. ...

Basketball remains a major factor in the city. The Hall of Fame Tip-Off Classic has been the semi-official start to the college basketball season for many years, and the NCAA Division II championships are usually held in Springfield. The New England Blizzard of the ABL played its first game in Springfield, and several minor pro men's and women's teams have called the city home, including the Springfield Fame of the United States Basketball League (the league's inaugural champion in 1985) and the Springfield Hall of Famers of the Eastern Professional Basketball League. ABL could refer to: Airborne Laser weapons system Alameda Belt Line railroad (AAR reporting mark ABL) American Basketball League In biology, the abl gene, best known for its role in the Philadelphia chromosome. ... The United States Basketball League OTCBB: USBL is a professional mens spring basketball league. ...

The city has had professional baseball. The Springfield Giants of the Single- and Double-A Eastern League played between 1957 and 1965. The team was quite successful, winning consecutive championships in 1959, 1960 and 1961, by startling coincidence the same seasons in which the Springfield Indians won three straight Calder Cup championships in hockey. The Giants played at Pyncheon Park by the waterfront, and were forced to move when Pyncheon Park was torn down to build I-91. Before that time, the Springfield Cubs played in the minor league New England League from 1946 until 1949, after which the league folded; they then played in the International League until 1953. For many years before the Giants, Springfield was also a member of the Eastern League, between 1893 and 1943. Generally the team was named the Ponies, but it also carried the nicknames of "Maroons" (1895), "Green Sox" (1917), "Hampdens" (1920-21), "Rifles (1932, 1942-43) and "Nationals" (1939-41). There are at least two different possible meanings for Eastern League: Eastern League - A professional baseball minor league in the United States Eastern League - One of two professional baseball minor leagues in Japan This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... The Calder Cup is awarded annually to the playoff champion of the American Hockey League. ... Interstate 91 is an interstate highway in the New England section of the United States. ... The New England League was a mid-level league in American minor league baseball that played sporadically in five of the six New England states (Vermont excepted) between 1886 and 1949. ... The International League (IL) is a minor league baseball league which operates in the eastern United States and Canada. ...

Media

Newspaper

Springfield's largest local newspaper is The Republican. It was formerly the Springfield Union-News & Sunday Republican. Smaller papers such as The Reminder and the Valley Advocate also serve Greater Springfield. The Republican is a newspaper that serves the Springfield, Massachusetts regional area. ... The Pioneer Valley and Connecticut River, looking southward toward the towns of Sunderland, Amherst and Whately. ...

Foreign language newspapers include Predvestnik (a Russian language newspaper) and El Pueblo Latino, which serves the Hispanic community, among others. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

Television

Major television stations originating from the city include WWLP (NBC), WGGB (ABC), WSHM (CBS) and WGBY (PBS). Only the PBS, CBS and ABC stations broadcast from studios in the city proper. WWLP's studios are in nearby Chicopee, a former section of Springfield. This article is about a television transmitting location or company. ... WWLP is the NBC affiliate serving the Springfield and Western Massachusetts television market. ... This article is about the television network. ... The Sinclair Broadcast Group (SBG) is the operator of the largest number of local television stations in the United States, with a total of 62 stations across the country in 39 small and medium markets. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American television network. ... WFSB, Channel 3 is an affiliate of the CBS network serving most of the state of Connecticut. ... This article is about the broadcast network. ... WGBH is an established public television station for Boston, Massachusetts, affiliated with public radio stations (PBS, and NPR & PRI). ... PBS redirects here. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1640 Incorporated 1848 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael D. Bissonnette Area  - Total 23. ...

In September of 2004 LIN Television, the owner of WWLP-TV began Wapa America, a superstation of station WAPA-TV in San Juan. Though it was recently purchased by another company the station still broadcasts from the Springfield-Chicopee area. It is seen on most cable systems in the area and originates its signal from the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan area. WAPA-TV is a full-power, independent television station located in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico transmitting over analog channel 4, digital channel 27. ...

Also in the Springfield area are Univision WHTX, which simulcasts WUVN in Hartford, Connecticut (which, in turn, simulcasts WUNI in Boston), and Telemundo WDMR, which simulcasts WRDM in Hartford. Other television stations serving Springfield originate from Hartford, Connecticut. Comcast, which removed WPIX in 2001 from the cable system, offers a cable only CW station for the city, WBQT. Univision is a Spanish-language television network in the United States and Puerto Rico. ... WUVN is a television station licensed to New Haven, Connecticut. ... WUVN is a television station licensed to New Haven, Connecticut. ... Hartford redirects here. ... WUNI channel 27 is the Univision television affiliate for the Greater Boston market. ... Boston redirects here. ... Telemundo is an American television network based in Hialeah, Florida. ... WRDM-LP is the Telemundo affiliate for the Hartford/New Haven, Connecticut market. ... WRDM-LP is the Telemundo affiliate for the Hartford/New Haven, Connecticut market. ... Hartford redirects here. ... WPIX, channel 11, is a television station in New York City. ... The Crimson White, known colloquially as The CW, is the student-run newspaper of the University of Alabama. ... WBQT-TV (Pioneer Valleys CW) is the CW affiliate for Springfield, Massachusetts. ...

In January 2004, the Hartford CBS affiliate, WFSB, began operating a CBS station, WSHM, aimed at the Springfield, Massachusetts market. WSHM began its own newscasts at 6 and 11 p.m. in October 2005, broadcast out of its downtown Springfield home. This article is about the broadcast network. ... WFSB is the CBS-affiliated television station for the state of Connecticut except Fairfield County. ... WFSB, Channel 3 is an affiliate of the CBS network serving most of the state of Connecticut. ... WFSB, Channel 3 is an affiliate of the CBS network serving most of the state of Connecticut. ...

WGGB-TV's John G. Gormally eventually plans to bring a FOX affiliate to the city sometime soon. FOX programming will be broadcast on digital television Channel 55.2 over the air, and will not replace WTIC-TV in Hartford on local cable systems and DirecTV because WTIC has a long term agreement to be the default FOX station for Springfield regardless of WGGB's plans.^[25] The Fox Broadcasting Company is a television network in the United States. ... Digital television (DTV) refers to the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by means of discrete (digital) signals, in contrast to the analog signals used by analog TV. Introduced in the late 1990s, this technology appealed to the television broadcasting business and consumer electronics industries as offering new... WTIC-TV, channel 61, is the Fox-affiliated television station that serves the state of Conneticut (except Fairfield County). ... A standard DirecTV satellite dish with 1 LNB on a roof DirecTV (trademarked as DIRECTV) is a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) service based in El Segundo, California, USA, that was founded in 1994. ...

Former television stations in the Market include WRLP sister station of WWLP and Religious station 67 which is now home to WSHM's signal.

Radio

In broadcasting and radio communication, a callsign or call sign (also call letters) is a unique designation for a transmitting station. ... DAR Hall American International College is a private, co-educational institution located in the Mason Square neighborhood of Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... For other uses, see Ware (disambiguation). ... Ware is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Oldies is a generic term commonly used to describe a radio format that usually concentrates on Top 40 music from the 50s, 60s and 70s. ... WAQY 102. ... East Longmeadow is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States situated in the Pioneer Valley region of Western Massachusetts. ... See Holyoke, Colorado for the city in Colorado. ... Holyoke Community College (HCC) is a state-funded public two year college located in Holyoke, Massachusetts. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... Nickname: Motto: caritas, educatio, justitia Location in Hampshire County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampshire Settled and Charter granted 1654 Incorporated as a city 1884 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Mary Clare Higgins Area  - City  35. ... WFCR is a U.S. radio station operating at 88. ... Nickname: Location in Hampshire County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampshire Settled 1703 Incorporated 1775 Government  - Type Representative town meeting Area  - Total 27. ... The center of the UMass Amherst campus. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... WHYN-FM (Mix 93. ... Not to be confused with clear channel radio stations, which are AM radio stations with certain technical parameters. ... Top 40 is a radio format based on frequent repetition of songs from a constantly-updated list of the forty best-selling singles. ... WHYN-AM 560 is a news/talk station in the Pioneer Valley area of Massachusetts, owned by Clear Channel Communications. ... Not to be confused with clear channel radio stations, which are AM radio stations with certain technical parameters. ... WMAS-FM, 94. ... Citadel Broadcasting Corporation NYSE: CDL is a Las Vegas, Nevada based broadcast holding company. ... Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. ... Citadel Broadcasting Corporation NYSE: CDL is a Las Vegas, Nevada based broadcast holding company. ... Oldies is a generic term commonly used to describe a radio format that usually concentrates on Top 40 music from the 50s, 60s and 70s. ... Western New England College is an excellent example of epic fail. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... WFCR is a U.S. radio station operating at 88. ... Not to be confused with clear channel radio stations, which are AM radio stations with certain technical parameters. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... WPKX (Kix 97. ... Not to be confused with clear channel radio stations, which are AM radio stations with certain technical parameters. ... WFCR is a U.S. radio station operating at 88. ... Nickname: Location in Hampshire County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampshire Settled 1703 Incorporated 1775 Government  - Type Representative town meeting Area  - Total 27. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... WUMB (91. ... Not to be confused with clear channel radio stations, which are AM radio stations with certain technical parameters. ... WSCB is a student-run radio station originating at Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Springfield College is a college located in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... Westfield State College is a small liberal arts college, located in Westfield, Massachusetts, USA. Located 20 minutes from Springfield, MA and about 2 hours from Boston. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... The World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) is an international Touring Car championship organized by the FIA. The WTCC was first held in 1987 to replace the long-running ETCC (European Touring Car Championship) in a Group A format, with races held in Bathurst and Mount Fuji. ... Springfield Technical Community College better known as STCC (pronounced stick by locals) is a two-year community college in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... WEEI is a sports-talk radio station broadcasting from Boston, Massachusetts. ... Entercom (NYSE: ETM) Communications is the 4th largest radio broadcasting company in the United States. ... // Sports radio (or sports talk radio) is a radio format devoted entirely to discussion and broadcasting of sporting events. ... WEEI is a sports radio station in Boston, Massachusetts that broadcasts on 850 kHz from a transmitter in Needham, Massachusetts. ...

Transportation

Ground

A view of downtown Springfield from I-91.

Springfield is often referred to as the "Crossroads of New England" because of the crossing of major east-west and north-south railroads. While the same railways exist and operate today, the city is also served by a number of Interstate Highways including I-90 (Mass Pike) and I-91, which connect New Haven, Hartford, Holyoke, Northampton, and Vermont to Springfield. One of the few spurs of I-91 in Massachusetts, I-291, runs through the city and provides a secondary connection between I-90 and I-91. (There is an unnumbered connector in West Springfield.) Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Interstate 91 is an interstate highway in the New England section of the United States. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... A typical rural stretch of Interstate highway, with two lanes in each direction separated by a large grassy median, and with cross-traffic limited to overpasses and underpasses. ... Interstate 90 is the longest interstate highway in the United States. ... View of the Turnpike from an overpass by Boston University, facing east (towards central Boston). ... Interstate 91 is an interstate highway in the New England section of the United States. ... This article is about the city in Connecticut. ... Hartford redirects here. ... See Holyoke, Colorado for the city in Colorado. ... Nickname: Motto: caritas, educatio, justitia Location in Hampshire County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampshire Settled and Charter granted 1654 Incorporated as a city 1884 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Mary Clare Higgins Area  - City  35. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Interstate 291 is a 5. ...

Rail

Springfield also has an Amtrak station served by trains destined for New York City, Washington, D.C., Boston, Vermont, and Chicago. Amtrak operates out of its own station facility built into one of the old platforms of the city's long condemned train station on Frank B. Murray St. with an entrance on Lyman street, which lies on the side of the railroad embankment opposite the station. Vermonter at the Brattleboro, Vermont, station, 18 March 2004. ... Springfield Union Station is an Amtrak station in Springfield, MA. The station was built in 1926 by the Boston and Albany Railroad to serve the many rail lines feeding into the city. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... Boston redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ...

Plans exist for redevelopment of the city's Union Station into an Intermodal Transportation facility for both Amtrak and bus lines.^{[citation needed]} While significant federal, state, and civic investment has been appropriated for this project, disputes between the owners of the right-of-way and the planners in charge of the project, originally scheduled for completion in 1998, the PVTA, have slowed progress. In 2005, it was revealed that the project and the PVTA had been embroiled in the city's ever-widening corruption probe, throwing its future into question.

Plans also exist for a New Haven-Hartford-Springfield Commuter Rail Line.^[26] As of August 2006, the Connecticut General Assembly has committed $146 million to the project, which is considered only a first step. In order to complete the project, the state of Connecticut must provide further funding, as must the state of Massachusetts if the line is to cross the state line. The line could become operational as soon as 2011.^[27] The New Haven-Hartford-Springfield Commuter Rail Line is a proposed commuter rail line running from New Haven, Connecticut to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. The line currently operates 8 Amtrak trains a day in each direction on its New Haven-Springfield Line, with a 2 of those roundtrips continuing...

Bus

Buses running into the city use a facility owned and operated by Peter Pan Bus Lines, located on the corner of Main and Liberty streets. The Pioneer Valley Transit Authority is the regional public transit provider, operating a fleet of buses from the Peter Pan terminal. Peter Pan Bus Lines is a long-distance bus carrier that operates in the northeastern states of the United States. ... The Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) oversees and coordinates public transportation in the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts. ...

Air

The Springfield-Hartford, Connecticut area is served by Bradley International Airport in nearby Windsor Locks, Connecticut and Westover Metropolitan Airport in Chicopee. Hartford redirects here. ... BDL redirects here. ... Windsor Locks is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1640 Incorporated 1848 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael D. Bissonnette Area  - Total 23. ...

Westover Metropolitan borders Springfield and is 5 miles (8 km) from downtown. It is 3 miles (5 km) from the Massachusetts Turnpike. View of the Turnpike from an overpass by Boston University, facing east (towards central Boston). ...

Springfield and Hartford are located 25 miles (40 km) apart with Bradley International between them.

Notable residents

The Cat in the Hat book cover.

• Creighton Williams Abrams Jr., U.S. Army general and Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (served 1972 - 1974)
• Travis Best, National Basketball Association professional basketball player
• Nina Blackwood, original MTV VJ and Sirius Satellite Radio DJ.
• Milton Bradley, games inventor and manufacturer
• Dr John H. Breck Sr, founder of Breck Shampoo
• John Brown, abolitionist
• Nick Buoniconti, professional football player
• Thornton Burgess, children's author
• Thornton Chase, the first American convert to the Bahá'í Faith
• Vinnie Del Negro, professional basketball player
• Charles Duryea and J. Frank Duryea, co-founders, Duryea Motor Wagon Company
• Eddie Fontaine, singer
• Theodore Foley, Roman Catholic priest, Servant of God
• June Foray, voice actress for animated films
• Carole Fredericks, singer
• John Garand, weapons inventor
• Ashley Gearing, country music artist
• Theodor Seuss Geisel (a.k.a. Dr. Seuss), American writer and cartoonist best known for his classic children's books.
• Mike Gravel, Senator from Alaska
• George M. Hendee and Carl Oscar Hedström, co-founders, Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company
• Alan Kay, computer scientist
• Bob Kudelski, professional hockey player
• Timothy Leary, American writer, psychologist and advocate of psychedelic drug research and use
• Tony MacAlpine, American jazz/rock/fusion musician
• Arthur MacArthur, U.S. Army general, father of Douglas MacArthur
• Rabbit Maranville, professional baseball player
• Tim Mayotte, professional tennis player
• James Naismith, inventor of basketball
• Tom Newberry, football player
• Larry O'Brien, Postmaster General, Democratic National Committee chairman and Commissioner of the National Basketball Association.
• Robert Parker, author
• Eleanor Powell, actress
• William Pynchon, founder of the City of Springfield
• William Marsh Rice, founded Rice University, Houston, Texas
• Kurt Russell, actor, [5]
• Daniel Shays, leader of the Shays Rebellion
• Eddie Shore, professional hockey player and owner
• Tommy Tallarico, video game music composer
• George Tomasini, Alfred Hitchcock's favorite film editor
• Antonio Thomas, professional wrestler formerly with WWE
• Paige Turco, actress
• Daniel Baird Wesson, weapons inventor and founder of Smith & Wesson
• Wanita "D. Woods" Woodgette, one-fifth of Danity Kane.
• Wilbur Fenelon Young, founder of W. F. Young Inc., manufacturers of Absorbine and Absorbine Jr
• Maura West, actress

Image File history File links Seuss-cat-hat. ... Image File history File links Seuss-cat-hat. ... Creighton Williams Abrams Jr. ... The Flag of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army The Chief of Staff of the United States Army (CSA) is the highest ranking officer in the United States Army and is member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff [1]. Prior to 1903, the military head of the... Travis Eric Best (born 12 July 1972 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is a professional basketball player in the NBA. After a college career at Georgia Institute of Technology, he was drafted 23rd overall in the 1995 NBA draft by the Indiana Pacers. ... NBA redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ... Sirius Satellite Radio NASDAQ: SIRI is one of two satellite radio (SDARS) services operating in the United States and Canada, along with XM Satellite Radio. ... Milton Bradley (1836 - 1911) was a game pioneer, credited by many with launching the game industry in North America. ... Breck Shampoo is an American brand of shampoo that is also known for its Breck Girls advertising campaign. ... John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was a white American abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to abolish all slavery. ... Nicholas Anthony Buoniconti is a former AFL and NFL Hall of Fame linebacker, who played for the Boston Patriots and Miami Dolphins. ... Thornton W. Burgess (1874 – 1965) was an American conservationist and author of childrens stories featuring the wildlife of his native Massachusetts—Peter Cottontail, Jimmy Skunk, Grandfather Frog, etc. ... Thornton Chase (February 22, 1847 – September 30, 1912) is commonly recognized as the first convert to the Baháí Faith of Occidental background. ... This article is about the generally recognized global religious community. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Charles Edgar Duryea (December 15, 1861 – September 28, 1938) was a manufacturer of motor vehicles. ... James Frank Duryea (October 8, 1869, Washburn, Illinois - February 15, 1967, Saybrook, Connecticut), along with his brother Charles Duryea invented and built one of the first. ... Duryea was the first American automobile manufacturer, trailing the French Panhard firm by just 4 years. ... Eddie Fontaine (March 6, 1927—April 13, 1992) was an American actor and singer, best known for television roles in the 1960s and 1970s. ... Servant of God is the title given to a person of the Roman Catholic Church upon whom a pope has opened a cause of sainthood. ... June Foray (born September 18, 1917) is an extremely versatile voice actor who has worked for most of the studios which produced animated films since the 1940s. ... Carole Denise Fredericks (1952 – 2001) American singer. ... Garand points out features of M-1 to Army generals John Cantius Garand (January 1, 1888 – February 16, 1974) was a Canadian firearms designer best known for creating the first successful semi-automatic rifle to be put into active military service, the M1 Garand. ... Ashley Gearing (born 1991 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is an American country music artist. ... Theodor Seuss Geisel (pronounced ; March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was an American writer and cartoonist, better known by his pen name, Dr. Seuss (often pronounced , but he himself said [1]). He published over 40 childrens books, which were often characterized by his imaginative characters and frequent use of... Theodor Seuss Geisel (pronounced ; March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was an American writer and cartoonist, better known by his pen name, Dr. Seuss (often pronounced , but he himself said [1]). He published over 40 childrens books, which were often characterized by his imaginative characters and frequent use of... Maurice Robert Mike Gravel (pronounced ) (born May 13, 1930) is a former Democratic United States Senator from Alaska, who served two terms from 1969 to 1981, and is a candidate in the 2008 presidential election. ... The Indian Motocycle Manufacturing Company was a motorcycle manufacturer in Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Alan Curtis Kay (born May 17, 1940) is an American computer scientist, known for his early pioneering work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user interface design. ... Bob Kudelski (born March 3, 1964, in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA) is a former National Hockey League center. ... For the American baseball player, see Tim Leary (baseball player). ... Tony Jeff MacAlpine (born August 29, 1960 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is an American guitarist and keyboardist with a unique style blending elements of neo-classical and jazz fusion. ... Arthur MacArthur was the name of the following men: Arthur MacArthur, Sr. ... This article is about the American general; for the municipality in the Philippines, see General MacArthur, Eastern Samar. ... Rabbit Maranville Walter James Vincent Maranville (November 11, 1891 - January 5, 1954), better known as Rabbit Maranville, was a Major League Baseball shortstop. ... Tim Mayotte (b. ... James Naismith James A. Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was the inventor of the sport of basketball and the first to introduce the use of a helmet in American football. ... This article is about the sport. ... ... OBrien, c. ... The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. ... The Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the principal organization governing the United States Democratic Party on a day to day basis. ... NBA redirects here. ... Robert A. Parker is an astronaut. ... Eleanor Powell, left, in Broadway Melody of 1938. ... William Pynchon (October 11, 1590 – October 29, 1662) was a Colonial Assistant, Treasurer, and original Patentee of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ... William Marsh Rice (1816-September 23, 1900), who made his fortune in Texas by trading cotton, and investing in land and railroads. ... Lovett Hall William Marsh Rice University (commonly called Rice University and opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science and Art) is a private, comprehensive research university located in Houston, Texas, United States, near the Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical... Kurt Vogel Russell (born March 17, 1951) is an American actor. ... Engraving depicting Nick Gaskin (left) and Job Shattuck Nickolas Jarrod Gaskin (Born July 9, 1990), is a teenager in Forrest City, Arkansas. ... The Shays Rebellion (also Shayss or Shays) was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts, United States, that lasted from 1786 to 1787. ... Eddie The Edmonton Express Shore (born November 25, 1902 in Fort QuAppelle, Saskatchewan, Canada - died March 16, 1985) was a professional ice hockey player in the National Hockey League (NHL). ... Tommy Tallarico (born on February 18, 1968) is an American video game music composer. ... George Tomasini (born April 20, 1909, died November 22, 1964) was the genius American film editor who often worked with very closely with film director Alfred Hitchcock. ... Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE (August 13, 1899 â€“ April 29, 1980) was an iconic and highly influential British-born film director and producer who pioneered many techniques in the suspense and thriller genres. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Film editing. ... Tom Matera Tom Matera best known as Antonio Thomas is a professional wrestler, currently working for World Wrestling Entertainment, on the RAW brand. ... World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. ... Paige Turco (born May 17, 1965) is an American actress. ... Daniel B. Wesson (born Worcester, Massachusetts, May 18, 1825 - died August 4, 1906) partnered with Horace Smith in Norwich, Connecticut in the early 1850s to develop the first repeating rifle, the Volcanic rifle. ... Smith & Wesson NASDAQ: SWHC (S&W) is the largest manufacturer of handguns in the United States. ... Wanita D. Woods Woodgette (born Wanita Denise Woodgette on July 7, 1983) is a member of the Bad Boy Records all-female singing group Danity Kane. ... Danity Kane is an American R&B and Pop girl group signed to Bad Boy Records, first established in 2005. ...

Bands and Artists from Springfield

• Shadows Fall, Heavy Metal band
• Staind, alternative rock band
• The Acacia Strain, heavy metal band
• Onslaught, American hardcore band
• All That Remains, metalcore band
• Joel A. Munoz (Jowell from "Jowell & Randy"), Reggaeton Artist
• Fear Nuttin Band, evolved form of reggae and hardcore

Shadows Fall is an American heavy metal band formed in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1996. ... Staind is an American alternative metal group[1][2] from Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. ... The Acacia Strain is a four-piece metalcore band based out of Chicopee, Massachusetts, USA. The band is currently signed to Prosthetic Records. ... Onslaught Onslaught. ... All That Remains is a metalcore band from Springfield, Massachusetts. ... Jowell Y Randy (also known as Jowell & Randy) are a reggaeton duo. ...

Notes

2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Lepore, Jill. (1998). The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-375-70262-8.
• Swift, Esther M. West Springfield Massachusetts: A Town History. Copyright 1969, Town of West Springfield, Massachusetts. Library of Congress Card Catalog Number 77-96767. West Springfield Heritage Association; printed by F.A. Bassette Company, Springfield, Massachusetts.
• Wall & Gray. 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts. Map of Massachusetts. USA. New England. Counties - Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden, Worcester, Middlesex, Essex and Norfolk, Boston - Suffolk,Plymouth, Bristol, Barnstable and Dukes (Cape Cod). Cities - Springfield, Worcester, Lowell, Lawrence, Haverhill, Newburyport, Salem, Lynn, Taunton, Fall River. New Bedford. These 1871 maps of the Counties and Cities are useful to see the roads and rail lines.
• Beers,D.G. 1872 Atlas of Essex County Map of Massachusetts Plate 5. Click on the map for a very large image. Also see map of 1872 Essex County Plate 7.

External links

• SpringfieldMass.us Social Network for Springfield, Massachusetts.
• City of Springfield, Massachusetts Official city website.
• Springfield, Massachusetts Zip Code Maps
• The Valley Advocate (local weekly alternative newspaper)
• Baystate Objectivist (Valley media personality Tommy Devine)
• Urban Compass (local city blog) plus
• Choose Springfield (featuring Springfield neighborhoods)
• Western Mass Politics & Insight (local politics blog)
• The Springfield Intruder (local opinion blog)
• Knowledge Corridor Official website
• Junior League of Greater Springfield (Women's volunteer group dedicated to improving local community)

• Springfield, Massachusetts is at coordinates 42°06′45″N 72°32′51″W / 42.112411, -72.547455 (Springfield, Massachusetts)Coordinates: 42°06′45″N 72°32′51″W / 42.112411, -72.547455 (Springfield, Massachusetts)

v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Hampden County, Massachusetts Cities Agawam | Chicopee | Holyoke | Springfield | West Springfield | Westfield Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Hampden County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This is a complete list of cities in Massachusetts. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1635 Incorporated 1855 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Richard A. Cohen (D) Area  - Total 24. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1640 Incorporated 1848 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael D. Bissonnette Area  - Total 23. ... See Holyoke, Colorado for the city in Colorado. ... The Town of West Springfield (familiarly known as West Side) is a city[1] in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Nickname: Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1660 Incorporated (town) May 19, 1669 Incorporated (city) November 2, 1920 Government  - Mayor Michael R. Boulanger Area  - Total 47. ... Towns Blandford | Brimfield | Chester | East Longmeadow | Granville | Hampden | Holland | Longmeadow | Ludlow | Monson | Montgomery | Palmer | Russell | Southwick | Tolland | Wales | Wilbraham Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The following is a list of towns in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ...   Blandford is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Brimfield is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Chester is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... East Longmeadow is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States situated in the Pioneer Valley region of Western Massachusetts. ... Granville, Massachusetts is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Hampden is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Holland is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Longmeadow is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden County Settled 1751 Incorporated 1775 Government  - Type Representative town meeting Area  - Town  28. ... Monson (pronounced IPA ) is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Montgomery is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ...   Palmer is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Russell is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Southwick is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Tolland is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Wales is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Wilbraham is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 13,473. ... CDPs Bondsville | Holland | Monson Center | Palmer | Three Rivers | Wilbraham A census-designated place (CDP) is an area identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical reporting. ... Bondsville is a census-designated place and village which is part of the town of Palmer in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Holland is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Holland in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Monson Center is a census-designated place and village located in the town of Monson in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Palmer is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Palmer in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Three Rivers is a census-designated place and village which is part of the town of Palmer in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Wilbraham is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Wilbraham in Hampden County, Massachusetts. ... Villages Feeding Hills | Forest Park This is a list of villages in Massachusetts, arranged alphabetically. ...

v • d • e   Commonwealth of Massachusetts Boston (capital) Topics Congressional district maps · Culture · Geography · Government · History · Images · People · Villages Image File history File links Flag_of_Massachusetts. ... This article is about U.S. States that designate themselves as Commonwealths. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Boston redirects here. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... Congressional districts for representation in the United States House of Representatives are determined after each census. ... Flag of Massachusetts The Commonwealth of Massachusetts was created in the late 1700s. ... This is a list of villages in Massachusetts, arranged alphabetically. ... Regions The Berkshires · Blackstone Valley · Cape Ann · Cape Cod · Greater Boston · The Islands · Merrimack Valley · MetroWest · Montachusett-North County · North Shore · Pioneer Valley · Quabbin Valley · Southeastern Massachusetts · Western Massachusetts This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental) and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U.S. states, the federal district of Washington, D.C. or standard subentities such as cities or counties. ... Berkshire region of Massachusetts The Berkshires (pronounced as or ) is a region located in Western Massachusetts (with portions located in the adjacent states of Vermont, New York, and Connecticut). ... The Blackstone Valley or Blackstone River Valley is a region of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. ... Cape Ann, Massachusetts Landsat satellite photo of Cape Ann Cape Ann is a rocky peninsula located in northeastern Massachusetts on the Atlantic Ocean. ... This article is about the area of Massachusetts known as Cape Cod. For other uses, see Cape Cod (disambiguation). ... Light Blue represents the area in Massachusetts known as Greater Boston, while Dark Blue represents the Metro-Boston area and Red represents Boston proper, the City of Boston Greater Boston is the area of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts surrounding the city of Boston, Massachusetts. ... The Islands is a region of the U.S. state of Massachusetts commonly including Dukes County and Nantucket County. ... The Merrimack Valley is the region surrounding the Merrimack River in northeastern Massachusetts. ... This article is about a region in Massachusetts. ... The Montachusett Region (also known as North County) is a region comprising several towns in the north-central area of Massachusetts. ... The North Shore is a region north of Boston, consisting chiefly of urban suburban communities of Essex County along Massachusetts Bay. ... The Pioneer Valley and Connecticut River, looking southward toward the towns of Sunderland, Amherst and Whately. ... The Quabbin Valley is a region of Massachusetts. ... A view from New Bedford overlooking Buzzards Bay Southeastern Massachusetts is a term that refers to those portions of Massachusetts which are, by their proximity, economically and culturally linked to Providence, Rhode Island as well as Boston. ... Western Massachusetts is a loosely defined geographical region of the state of Massachusetts which contains the Berkshires and the Pioneer Valley. ... Counties Barnstable · Berkshire · Bristol · Dukes · Essex · Franklin · Hampden · Hampshire · Middlesex · Nantucket · Norfolk · Plymouth · Suffolk · Worcester Massachusetts counties This is a list of Massachusetts counties, consisting of the 14 Massachusetts counties currently in existence. ... Barnstable County is a county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... Berkshire County is a county located in on the western edge of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... Bristol County is a county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... Dukes County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Essex County is a county located in the northeastern part of the state of Massachusetts. ... Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... Hampden County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Hampshire County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Middlesex County is a county located in the commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Nantucket County Settled 1641 Incorporated 1671 Government  - Type Open town meeting Area  - Town  105. ... Norfolk County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Plymouth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... Suffolk County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Worcester County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Cities (See All Municipalities) Agawam · Amesbury · Attleboro · Barnstable · Beverly · Boston · Brockton · Cambridge · Chelsea · Chicopee · Easthampton · Everett · Fall River · Fitchburg · Franklin · Gardner · Gloucester · Greenfield · Haverhill · Holyoke · Lawrence · Leominster · Lowell · Lynn · Malden · Marlborough · Medford · Melrose · Methuen · New Bedford · Newburyport · Newton · North Adams · Northampton · Peabody · Pittsfield · Quincy · Revere · Salem · Somerville · Southbridge · Springfield · Taunton · Waltham · Watertown · Westfield · West Springfield · Weymouth · Woburn · Worcester Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1635 Incorporated 1855 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Richard A. Cohen (D) Area  - Total 24. ... The Town of Amesbury is a city[1] in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Location in Bristol County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Bristol County Settled 1634 Incorporated 1694 (town) Reincorporated 1914 (city) Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Kevin Dumas Area  - City  28. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Barnstable County Settled 1637 Incorporated 1638 Government  - Type Council-manager city  - Town    Manager John C. Klimm Area  - City  76. ... Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Boston redirects here. ... Nickname: Location in Plymouth County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Plymouth County Settled 1700 Incorporated 1821 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor James E. Harrington (D) Area  - City  21. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - Total 7. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Suffolk County Settled 1624 Incorporated 1739 Government  - Type Council-manager city  - City Manager Jay Ash Area  - City  2. ... Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1640 Incorporated 1848 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael D. Bissonnette Area  - Total 23. ...   The Town of Easthampton is a city[1] in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Nickname: Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1870 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Carlo DeMaria, Jr. ... Nickname: Motto: Well Try Location in Bristol County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Bristol Settled 1670 Incorporated 1803 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Edward M. Lambert, Jr. ...   Nickname: River City Settled: 1730 â€“ Incorporated: 1764 Zip Code(s): 01420 â€“ Area Code(s): 351 / 978 Official website: http://www. ... The Town of Franklin is a city[1] in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Nickname: Location in Worcester County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Worcester County Settled 1764 Incorporated 1785 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Gerald St. ... This article is about Gloucester, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; there are other places called Gloucester Location in Essex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Essex Settled 1623 Incorporated 1642 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Carolyn Kirk Area  - Total 41. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Franklin County Settled 1686 Incorporated 1775 Government  - Type Mayor-council city Area  - City  21. ... Location in Essex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Essex County Settled 1640 Incorporated 1641 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor James J. Fiorentini Area  - City  35. ... See Holyoke, Colorado for the city in Colorado. ...   Settled: 1655 â€“ Incorporated: 1847 Zip Code(s): 01840 â€“ Area Code(s): 351 / 978 Official website: http://www. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1653 Incorporated 1740 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Dean J. Mazzarella  - City Council Dennis A. Rosa John Dombrowski James Lanciani, Jr Virginia Tocci David E. Rowlands (Ward 1) Wayne A. Nickel (Ward 2) Claire M... Nickname: Motto: Art is the Handmaid of Human Good Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1653 Incorporated 1826 A city 1836 Government  - Type Manager-City council  - Mayor William F. Martin, Jr. ... Location in Essex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Essex Settled 1629 Incorporated 1850 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Chip Clancy Area  - Total 13. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1640 Incorporated 1649 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Richard C. Howard Area  - City  5. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1630 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael J. McGlynn Area  - City  8. ... Melrose is a city located in the Greater Boston metropolitan area and Middlesex County, Massachusetts. ... Methuen is a city[1] in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Bristol County Settled 1640 Incorporated 1787 Government  - Type Mayor-council  - Mayor Scott W. Lang (Dem)  - City Council President/Ward 6: Leo R. Pimental. ... Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, 38 miles (61 km) northeast of Boston. ... Nickname: Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1688 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor David B. Cohen (Dem) Area  - City  18. ... North Adams is a city in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Nickname: Motto: caritas, educatio, justitia Location in Hampshire County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampshire Settled and Charter granted 1654 Incorporated as a city 1884 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Mary Clare Higgins Area  - City  35. ... Nickname: Location in Essex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Essex County Settled 1626 Incorporated 1868 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Michael J. Bonfanti Area  - City  16. ... Pittsfield redirects here. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Norfolk County Settled 1625 Incorporated 1792 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor William J. Phelan Area  - City  26. ... Location in Suffolk County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Suffolk County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1846 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Thomas G. Ambrosino Area  - City  10. ... Nickname: Location in Essex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Essex Settled 1626 Incorporated 1626 A City 1836 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Kimberley Driscoll Area  - Total 18. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1842 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Joseph A. Curtatone Area  - Total 4. ... The Town of Southbridge is a city[1] in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Bristol County Settled 1638 Incorporated 1639 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Charles Crowley Area  - City  48. ... One of the early centers of the Industrial Revolution in northern America, Waltham is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... The Town of Watertown is a city[1] in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Nickname: Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1660 Incorporated (town) May 19, 1669 Incorporated (city) November 2, 1920 Government  - Mayor Michael R. Boulanger Area  - Total 47. ... The Town of West Springfield (familiarly known as West Side) is a city[1] in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Location in Norfolk County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Norfolk Settled 1630 Incorporated 1635 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Sue Kay (D) Area  - Total 21. ... Statue of Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford) outside the library of his hometown, Woburn, Massachusetts. ... For other uses, see Worcester (disambiguation). ...