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Encyclopedia > Neutralino

In particle physics, the neutralino is a hypothetical particle and part of the doubling of the menagerie of particles predicted by supersymmetric theories. Particles explode from the collision point of two relativistic (100 GeV per nucleon) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Since the superpartners of the Z boson (zino), the photon (photino) and the neutral higgs (higgsino) have the same quantum numbers, they mix to form eigenstates of the mass operator, called neutralinos. The lightest neutralino is thought to be stable unless the gravitino is lighter or R-parity is not conserved. Virtually undetectable, it participates only in weak and gravitational interactions. If the neutralino is stable it will always escape a particle detector. Therefore its production inside the detector, through a known initial state (e.g. proton-proton collision), should be accompanied with large missing energy and momentum from the visible final state particles. This is important signature to discriminate it from Standard Model backgrounds. In physics, the W and Z bosons are the elementary particles that mediate the weak nuclear force. ... In physics, zino is a hypothetical particle that is a superpartner of the Z boson predicted by supersymmetry. ... The word light is defined here as electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength; thus, X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet light, microwaves, radio waves, and visible light are all forms of light. ... A photino is a subatomic particle, the fermion WIMP superpartner of the photon predicted by supersymmetry. ... The Higgs boson is a hypothetical massive scalar elementary particle predicted to exist by the Standard Model of particle physics. ... In particle physics, a higgsino is the hypothetical superpartner of the Higgs boson, as predicted by supersymmetry. ... A quantum number describes the energies of electrons in atoms. ... Quantum superposition is the application of the superposition principle to quantum mechanics. ... In linear algebra, the eigenvectors (from the German eigen meaning inherent, characteristic) of a linear operator are non-zero vectors which, when operated on by the operator, result in a scalar multiple of themselves. ... The gravitino is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of the graviton, as predicted by theories combining general relativity and supersymmetry, i. ... R-parity is a concept in particle physics. ... The weak nuclear force or weak interaction is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. ... Gravity is a force of attraction that acts between bodies that have mass. ... The Standard Model of Fundamental Particles and Interactions For the Standard Model in Cryptography, see Standard Model (cryptography). ...

Of the weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs) under consideration, a lightest neutralino of 30-5000 GeV is the leading candidate for cold dark matter. The exact behavior of this particle will depend on the dominant constituent: the higgsino, the photino or the zino. In astrophysics, WIMPs, or weakly interacting massive particles, are hypothetical particles serving as one possible solution to the dark matter problem. ... The electronvolt (symbol eV, or, rarely and incorrectly, ev) is a unit of energy. ... Cold dark matter (or CDM) is a refinement of the big bang theory that contains the additional assumption that most of the matter in the Universe consists of material which cannot be observed by its electromagnetic radiation and hence is dark while at the same time the particles making up...

The standard symbol for neutralinos in $tilde{chi}^0_i$, where i runs from 1 to 4.

 v • d • e  Particles in physics - elementary particles Fermions: Quarks: (Up · Down · Strange · Charm · Bottom · Top) | Leptons: (Electron · Muon · Tau · Neutrinos) Gauge bosons: Photon | W and Z bosons | Gluons Not yet observed: Higgs boson | Graviton | Other hypothetical particles

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 Dark matter and cosmology (1264 words) However, experimental limits rule out a charged LSP over a broad mass range, and it is therefore generally assumed that the LSP is the lightest of the four neutralinos, the mass eigenstates corresponding to the superpartners of the photon, the Z and the two neutral Higgs bosons. A neutralino passing through such a body has a small but non-zero probability of scattering off a nucleus therein, so that its velocity after scattering is less than the escape velocity. Indirect detection is particularly useful when the axial coupling of the neutralino dominates, as axially-coupled neutralinos are captured in the Sun due to their interaction with hydrogen.
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