Matthew Fontaine Maury

Matthew Fontaine Maury (January 14, 1806 – February 1, 1873), USN - American astronomer, astrophysicist, historian, oceanographer, meteorologist, cartographer, author, geologist, educator. Credit: U.S. Naval Observatory Library Matthew Fontaine Maury, founder of the United States Naval Observatory Source http://www. ... Credit: U.S. Naval Observatory Library Matthew Fontaine Maury, founder of the United States Naval Observatory Source http://www. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... An astronomer or astrophysicist is a person whose area of interest is astronomy or astrophysics. ... Spiral Galaxy ESO 269-57 Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. ... An historian is someone who writes history, a written accounting of the past. ... Oceanography (from Ocean + Greek γράφειν = write), also called oceanology and marine science is the study of the earths oceans and their interlinked ecosystems and chemical and physical processes. ... Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. ... Cartography is the study of map making and cartographers are map makers. ... An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article or the like. ... the are cool The Geologist by Carl Spitzweg A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology, studying the physical structure and processes of the Earth and planets of the solar system (see planetary geology). ...

He was nicknamed Pathfinder of the Seas and Father of modern Oceanography and Naval Meteorology and later, Scientist of the Seas, due to the publication of his extensive works in his books, especially Physical Geography of the Sea 1855, the first extensive and comprenhensive book on oceanography to be published. Maury made many important new contributions to charting winds and ocean currents, including pathways for ships at sea. Pathfinder or pathfinders may refer to: In astronomy: Mars Pathfinder, NASA exploration probe Space Shuttle Pathfinder, space shuttle mockup known as OV-098 In the military: Pathfinders (military), specialized elite airborne soldiers who perform many dangerous assignments Pathfinder Badge (U.S.), military badge of the United States Army awarded to... For the 1928 film, see The Wind. ... An ocean current is any more or less permanent or continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earths oceans. ...

Early life and career

Maury was of Huguenot ancestry with his ancestry traced back to France 1500 and Jean De la Fontaine. Maury was born in Spotsylvania, Virginia, but the family moved to Tennessee when he was age five. He desired to follow the path of fame and adventure of his older brother, Flag Lieutenant John Minor Maury, who had caught yellow fever after fighting pirates as an officer in the U.S. Navy. He had been buried at sea, leaving his wife and two sons behind, including Dabney Herndon Maury, who served in three wars and became a Major General and later U.S. Minister to Colombia, South America. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. ... Spotsylvania County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Largest metro area Nashville Area  Ranked 36th  - Total 42,169 sq mi (109,247 km²)  - Width 120 miles (195 km)  - Length 440 miles (710 km)  - % water 2. ... John Minor Maury (1795 – 23 June 1828) was an officer in the United States Navy. ... Look up pirate and piracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... Major General Dabney Herndon Maury, nephew and raised by Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury was the Founder of the Southern Historical Society -- 52 volumes of Civil War history and genealogies. ...

John and Matthew's grandfather (Reverend James Maury) was an inspiring teacher to three future US Presidents: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe. James Maury was Thomas Jeffersons early teacher. ... For the pop band, see Presidents of the United States of America. ... This article is becoming very long. ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836), an American politician and fourth President of the United States of America (1809–1817), was one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... James Monroe (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was the fifth President of the United States (1817-1825), and the fourth Virginian to hold the office. ...

Matthew Maury was initially forbidden from joining the Navy by his father, Richard Maury, because of the painful death of the eldest son, John. Maury had once considered attending West Point to get an education, but his opportunity of a Naval appointment came through Senator Sam Houston. In 1825, at the age of 19, thanks to Samuel Houston's influence, Maury joined the Navy as a midshipman on board the frigate Brandywine which was carrying the marquis de La Fayette home to France. Almost immediately, he began to study the seas and record methods of navigation. When a leg injury left him unfit for sea duty, Maury devoted his time to the study of naval meteorology, navigation, charting the winds, and currents, seeking the "Paths of the Seas" mentioned in Psalm 8 in the Bible. Alternate meanings: West Point (disambiguation). ... Samuel Houston (March 2, 1793–July 26, 1863) was a 19th century American statesman, politician and soldier. ... Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Samuel Houston (March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was a key figure in the history of Texas, and, as of 2004, the only person in U.S. history to have been the governor of two different states. ... A midshipman is a subordinate officer, or alternatively a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the navies of several English-speaking countries. ... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ... Brandywine was a United States Navy 44-gun sailing frigate launched in 1825. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Table of geography, hydrography, and navigation, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... Table of geography, hydrography, and navigation, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ...

From then until it was done Maury advocated naval reform, as well as a school for the Navy, land and sea, that would out-rival that of the army's West Point and an international weather service. He had charted the seas and currents and worked on charting land weather forecasting. Maury wrote many articles on Navy reforms and they were achieved in due time. This especially includes the United States Naval Academy that we know today. The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland, near Washington D.C. The Academy often is referred to simply as Annapolis although naval officers normally refer to it in conversation...

Matthew Fontaine Maury "Pathfinder of the Seas" monument.

His hard work on and love of plotting the oceans paid off when he became superintendent of the Department of Charts and Instruments in 1842, although this was mostly due to his articles on United States Naval reform published in newspapers. Upon the establishment of the United States Naval Observatory in 1844 thanks to President John Q. Adams in his last months of office, Lieutenant Maury became its first superintendent, holding that position until his resignation in April 1861. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1370x1620, 260 KB) Summary A small portion of many photos of Commander Matthew Fontaine Maurys Pathfinder of the Seas monument on Monument Avenue that I photographed when I lived in Richmond, Virginia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1370x1620, 260 KB) Summary A small portion of many photos of Commander Matthew Fontaine Maurys Pathfinder of the Seas monument on Monument Avenue that I photographed when I lived in Richmond, Virginia. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Aerial view of USNO. The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the United States. ... Jan. ... Order: 6th President Term of Office: March 4, 1825–March 3, 1829 Preceded by: James Monroe Succeeded by: Andrew Jackson Date of birth: July 11, 1767 Place of birth: Braintree, Massachusetts Date of death: February 23, 1848 Place of death: Washington, D.C. First Lady: Louisa Catherine (Johnson) Adams... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by...

Here Maury did Observatory work and sometimes with a team working under him, including James Melville Gilliss, Lieutenant John Mercer Brooke, William Lewis Herndon, Lieutenant Isaac Strain, John Herndon Maury of the Darien Gap expedition, and others — but they were all too soon assigned elsewhere after training in the observatory, as their duty was always temporary at the Observatory, and new men had to be trained over and over again on astronomical work. Maury also discovered and studied thousands of old ships' logs and charts that he discovered in storage in trunks dating back to the start of the U.S. Navy. Thus Lt. M F Maury was working with astronomical work and nautical work at the same time as well as constantly training new temporary men to assist in these works. Maury read and studied the old ships logs, primarily interested at first astronomy and in charting the migration of whales which was unknown to whalers at the time since they went to sea sometimes for years not knowing that whales migrate and that their paths could be charted. James Melville Gilliss (born September 6, 1811 in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. - died February 9, 1865 in Washington, D.C.) was an astronomer, United States Navy officer and founder of the United States Naval Observatory. ... John Mercer Brooke (18 December 1826–14 December 1906) was an American sailor, engineer, scientist, and educator who resigned his U.S. Navy commission in 1861 to join the Confederate Navy in the American Civil War. ... William Lewis Herndon (15 October 1813 – 7 September 1857) was one of the United States Navys outstanding explorers and seamen. ... Isaac G. Strain was born March 4, 1821, in Roxbury, Pennsylvania, of Scots-Irish origin and died May 14, 1857, in Aspinwall, Columbia. ... Darién Gap refers to a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest separating Panama and Colombia. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant Astronomy is the science of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere (such as auroras and cosmic background radiation). ... mtDNA-based chart of large human migrations. ... Whales are the largest species of exclusively aquatic placental mammals, members of the order Cetacea, which also includes dolphins and porpoises. ...

Lieutenant Maury published his Wind and Current Chart of the North Atlantic, which showed sailors how to use the ocean's currents and winds to their advantage and drastically reduced the length of ocean voyages; his Sailing Directions and Physical Geography of the Seas and Its Meteorology remain standard. Maury's uniform system of recording synoptic oceanographic data was adopted by navies and merchant marines around the world and was used to develop charts for all the major trade routes. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy–United States Air Force task force located at Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. ...

Maury's work on ocean currents led him to advocate his theory of the Northwest Passage, as well as the hypothesis that an area in the ocean near the North Pole is occasionally free of ice. The reasoning behind this was sound, for whales harpooned in the Atlantic showed up in the Pacific and vice versa with a frequency that would have been impossible had they traveled around Cape Horn. Logs of old whaler ships that indicated the designs and markings of harpoons used by the logs' authors as well as those of harpoons found in captured whales led to this idea. An ocean current is any more or less permanent or continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earths oceans. ... Popular Northwest Passage routes through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago This article describes the route through the Canadian Arctic. ... North Pole Scenery When not otherwise qualified, the term North Pole usually refers to the Geographic North Pole – the northernmost point on the surface of the Earth, where the Earths axis of rotation intersects the Earths surface. ...

When whalers recorded descriptions of harpoons used by other ships on opposite oceans, Maury, knowing a whale to be a mammal and not a fish as many believed in his time, thought a passage between the oceans that was free of ice must exist to enable the whales to surface and breathe. Today, an area free of ice is known to be occasional, but in the 19th century it was a popular idea that inspired many explorers to seek a constant navigable sea route. Many of those explorers met their doom in the ice. Today nations know the reality of, and use, the Northwest Passage. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Popular Northwest Passage routes through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago This article describes the route through the Canadian Arctic. ...

Before, during, and after the Civil War

With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Maury, born in Virginia, reluctantly had to resign his commission as a U.S. Navy Commander after decades of national and international hard work averaging 14 hours per day. It also brought him unrequested fame and honors, including being knighted by several nations and given medals with precious gems, as well as a collection of all medals struck by Pope Pius IX during his pontificate, a book dedication and more from Father Angelo Secchi. He was once a student under M. F. Maury in 1848 - 1849 in what is now the U.S. Naval Observatory. This article is becoming very long. ... Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. ... Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 – February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878, making him the longest-reigning Pope since the Apostle St. ... Pietro Angelo Secchi (1818–1878) was an Italian astronomer. ... Aerial view of USNO. The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the United States. ...

They remained life-long friends as M. F. Maury did with most persons that were religious including James Hervey Otey, M. F. Maury's former teacher who before "1857" worked with Bishop Leonidas Polk on the construction of the University of the South in Tennessee. While visiting there, MFM was convinced to by his old teacher to give the "cornerstone speech". Maury had to delay his scientific trip to England to purchase more books for the observatory and speak with friends in the same vocations. James Hervey Otey, (January 27, 1800 – April 23, 1863), Christian educator and first Episcopal Bishop of Tennessee, established the first Anglican church in the state and its first parish churches. ... For the agrarian leader and North Carolinas first Commissioner of Agriculture, see Leonidas Lafayette Polk. ... The University of the South The University of the South is located in Sewanee, Tennessee, and is a private, coeducational liberal arts college. ...

As a USN officer Maury accepted none of the awards if only because it was against US military policy to accept such things from foreign nations. However, they were offered to Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury's wife, Ann Hull Herndon-Maury, who was able to accept them for her husband and she didn't hesitate. Some have been placed at Virginia Military Institute while others were loaned to the Smithsonian and yet others remain in the family. Matthew Maury became a Commodore (often a title of courtesy) in the Virginia Provisional Navy, and a Commander in the Confederacy. The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... The Virginia Military Institute (VMI), located in Lexington, Virginia, is the oldest state military college in the United States. ... The Smithsonian castle, as seen through the garden gate. ... Commodore has several meanings: Commodore International is a computer company Commodore 64 and Amiga were home computers Commodore (rank) is a naval rank Commodore (yacht club) is the senior officer of a yacht club The Holden Commodore is a type of car The Opel Commodore is a type of car...

The war would bring ruin to many in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where Maury's immediate family lived. Maury spent the war in the South, but mostly abroad as ordered in England, Ireland France, acquiring ships and much more like -- trying through speeches and newspaper publications to get other nations to stop the Civil War which Maury also did long before that war started and he never stopped. M F Maury had sent William Lewis Herndon to learn of the Valley of the Amazon and Lardner Gibbon (both had worked at the USN Observatory) to start from Para, and for both of the lieutenants to explore the Amazon area to the ocean while gathering as much information as possible including on slavery in any of those areas. It could have, in Maury's thinking, have served as a "safety valve" to rid the USA of slavery. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... William Lewis Herndon (15 October 1813 – 7 September 1857) was one of the United States Navys outstanding explorers and seamen. ... This page is a candidate to be copied to Wikisource If the page can be edited into an encyclopedic article, rather than merely a copy of the source text, please do so and remove this message. ...

No new slaves would then be brought from Africa as was the situation at that time whereas Southerners with slaves could move out of the USA while seeking soils that were not depleted of needed minerals. This took place circa 1854, long before the differences about slavery assisted in bringing a war of "brother against brother". Had it taken root southerner slave owners would not need to contest the western lands, they could go South or sell their slaves down south" as perhaps as some northerners did while it has been asserted that they did sale them down south since domesticated slaves were very expensive.

Maury also worked on an advanced electric torpedo design, and perfected it in England just before the war ended. He later gave talks in Europe about the development of his torpedo and international cooperation on a weather bureau for land just as he had charted the winds and predicted storms at sea many years before. He gave these Weather on Land speeches until his last days when he collapsed giving a speech. He went home after he recovered and told Ann Hull Herndon-Maury, his wife, "I have come home to die." A modern torpedo, historically called a locomotive torpedo, is a self-propelled projectile that (after being launched above or below the water surface) operates underwater and is designed to detonate on contact or in proximity to a target. ...

During its first 1868 meeting, Maury helped launch the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an organization that promotes cooperation between scientists, defends scientific freedom, encourages scientific responsibility and supports scientific education for the betterment of all humanity. ...

Following the war, after serving Maximilian in Mexico as "Imperial Commissioner of Immigration -- building Carlotta and New Virginia Colonies for displaced Confederates and any other immigrants from other lands, Maury accepted a teaching position at the Virginia Military Institute (V.M.I.), holding the chair of physics. He had many offers including one as president of William and Mary in Virginia but it seems he preferred being close to General Lee in Lexington while working at V.M.I. from statements Maury made in letters. Too, Maury served as a pall bearer for General Robert Edward Lee. (Source: Southern Historical Society's Papers) The Virginia Military Institute (VMI), located in Lexington, Virginia, is the oldest state military college in the United States. ... Physics (Greek: (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the science concerned with the fundamental laws of the universe. ... William III Mary II The phrase William and Mary usually refers to the joint sovereignty over the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland of King William III and his wife Queen Mary II. Their joint reign began in February, 1689, when they were called to the throne by... The Southern Historical Society was an organization founded by Jubal Early, and was meant to preserve the Southern point of view, that people had during the Civil War. ...

During his time at V.M.I. Maury also wrote a book entitled The Physical Geography of Virginia. Maury had once been a gold mining superintendent outside of Fredericksburg, Virginia, and had studied geology intensly during that time so he was well suited for a book on geology as he was with his many other studies and work. The idea was to assist war-torn Virginia in minerals, farming and whatever else it took in getting her rebuilt after such destruction. More battles took place in Virginia than anywhere else, with Tennessee being second.
True-color image of the Earths surface and atmosphere Physical geography (also know as geosystems or physiography) is a subfield of geography that focuses on the systematic study of patterns and processes within the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Matthew Fontaine Maury

Matthew Fontaine Maury died at home (V.M.I.) He was exhausted from traveling throughout this nation while giving speeches promoting Land Meteorology. Commodore Maury breathed his last at exactly 12:40 P.M., on Saturday, February 1, 1873. He was attended by his son, Major Richard Launcelot Maury & son-in- law, former Major Spottswood Wellford Corbin. M F Maury asked his daughters and wife to leave the room. Last words were, "All's Well", a nautical expression, as he raised his hands into the air as though being taken to a better place. (Source: Life of Maury by his daughter, Diana Fontaine Maury-Corbin) His body was placed on display in the V.M.I. library (photo forthcoming. Maury was initially buried in the Gilham vault, across from Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, until the arrival of spring, at which time his remains were taken through Goshen Pass to Richmond, Virginia. He was reburied between Presidents James Monroe and John Tyler in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (615x740, 89 KB) Commander Matthew Fontaine MAURY (NOT MURRAY) http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (615x740, 89 KB) Commander Matthew Fontaine MAURY (NOT MURRAY) http://www. ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Stonewall Jackson For the 1960s country music artist, see Stonewall Jackson (musician); for the submarine, see USS Stonewall Jackson (SSBN-634). ... Goshen Pass is a gorge, where the Maury River passes through Little North Mountain. ... Nickname: The River City Motto: Sic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (D) Area    - City 62. ... James Monroe (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was the fifth President of the United States (1817-1825), and the fourth Virginian to hold the office. ... John Tyler, Jr. ... A view of Hollywood Cemetery and Presidents Circle Hollywood Cemetery is a large, sprawling cemetery in Richmond, Virginia, characterized by rolling hills and winding paths overlooking the James River. ...

A monument to Maury, by sculptor Frederick William Sievers, was unveiled in Richmond on November 11, 1929. Maury Hall, the home of the Naval Science Department at the University of Virginia and headquarters of the University's Navy ROTC battalion, was named in his honor. Another Maury Hall, named after him, houses the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Systems Engineering at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. Virginia Memorial, Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, PA Frederick William Sievers (1872-1966) was an American sculptor, born in Fort Wayne, Indiana. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Virginia (also called U.Va. ... Symbol of the Austrian 14th Armoured Battalion in NATO military graphic symbols A battalion is a military unit usually consisting of between two and six companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel. ... The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland, near Washington D.C. The Academy often is referred to simply as Annapolis although naval officers normally refer to it in conversation... City nickname: Americas Sailing Capital Location in the state of Maryland Founded 1649 Mayor Ellen O. Moyer (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 19. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,417 sq mi (32,160 km²)  - Width 90 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37°53N to 39°43N  - Longitude 75°4W to 79°33...

Ships have been named in his honor including three United States Navy ships named USS Maury. A fourth United States Navy ship named in his honor was the "USS Commodore Maury" (SP-656), patrol vessel and mine sweeper[1] of World War I. Three ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Maury. ...

There is also a Lake Maury in the City of Newport News, Virginia that is named after him, on The Mariner's Museum/Noland Park Trail land. The Lake and Park are protected and preserved by The Mariner's Museum and is open only for members that contribute to its preservation to enjoy.

Dan Graves considered Matthew Maury to be one of 48 great Scientists of Faith for the following reasons: Maury lived by the Scriptures; he fully and unconditionally believed in what the Holy Scriptures stated; he hardly ever spoke or wrote without the inclusion of scriptural references; he prayed every day.

International honors, awards, medals, monuments, and more

• [2] Images of medals, letters, -- 1996 website via Wayback Search Engine

See also

• National Institute for the Promotion of Science
• Notable global oceanographers
• Bathymetric charts

The National Institution for the Promotion of Science organization was established in Washington, D.C. in May, 1840, and was heir to the mantle of the earlier Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences. ... Thermohaline circulation Oceanography (from Ocean + Greek γράφειν = write), also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth Sciences that studies the Earths oceans and seas. ... Bathymetric chart of Bear Lake. ...

References

• Flying Cloud -- An 1851 true story of America's most famous clipper ship that raced other ships from New York, around Cape Horn, to San Francisco by using both Maury's Wind and Current Charts plus his Sailing Directions. The clipper ship, Flying Cloud, was Captained by Josiah Perkins Cressey and navigated by [3] his wife Ellen Cressey who was the first person to navigate around the Horn by using the new route laid down by Lieut. M. F. Maury, of the observatory at Washington. She used his Sailing Directions and Winds and Currents. She gained and held the 89 day speed record of that route for decades. The old route was usually 100+ days from New York, around the dangerous Cape Horn at the tip of South America and then onward to San Francisco. Source: Flying Cloud by David W. Shaw (copyright) 2001. ISBN 0-06-093478-6 (pbk.) and Physical Geography of the Sea (1855) by Matthew Fontaine Maury.

• Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury, U.S.N. and C.S.N., compiled by his daughter, Diana Fontaine Maury-Corbin same Corbin family and the original home, "Mossneck", is still lived as of 2006 that was used in the film where the actual events took place in the film Gods and Generals.
• Matthew Fontaine Maury: The Pathfinder of the Seas (1927) by Charles Lee Lewis, associate professor of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis. ISBN 0-405-13045-7 Reprinted (1980).
• Matthew Fontaine Maury, Scientist of the Sea, Frances L. Williams, (1969) ISBN 0-8135-0433-3
• Physical Geography of the Sea by Matthew Fontaine Maury 1855.
• Physical Geography of the Sea and its Meteorology by Matthew Fontaine Maury (1861).
• Wind and Current Charts by Matthew Fontaine Maury
• Sailing Directions by Matthew Fontaine Maury

• [4] Sky and Ocean Joined -- The U.S. Naval Observatory 1830-2000 by Steven J. Dick (2003) ("The Maury Years" 1844-1861)

• The Pathfinder of the Seas, The Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury, by John W. Wayland, (1930). Professor Wayland writes, in the back of the book, under chronology, that in 1916 the Virginia legislature created a law whereby "Maury Day " -- "..would be celebrated in all Virginia schools" (and it was) -- but it has been abandoned for unknown reasons.
• Tracks in the sea: Matthew Fontaine Maury and the Mapping of the Oceans by Chester G. Hearn (Camden, Maine: International Marine, 2002) ISBN 0-07-136826-4

The Flying Cloud of 1851 was the most famous of the extreme clippers built by Donald McKay in East Boston, Massachusetts. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Flying Cloud of 1851 was the most famous of the extreme clippers built by Donald McKay in East Boston, Massachusetts. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... For other uses, see Gods and Generals (disambiguation). ... The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland, near Washington D.C. The Academy often is referred to simply as Annapolis although naval officers normally refer to it in conversation... True-color image of the Earths surface and atmosphere Physical geography (also know as geosystems or physiography) is a subfield of geography that focuses on the systematic study of patterns and processes within the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. ... Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... Wind, tacuinum sanitatis casanatensis (XIV century) Wind is the rough horizontal movement of air (as opposed to an air current) caused by an area of lo pressure and an area of hi pressure near eachother and the wind will blow from the hi pressure point to the lo pressure point... An ocean current is any more or less permanent or continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earths oceans. ... Sailing Directions is a 47-volume American navigation publication published by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center. ...

Maury's publications

• Whaling Charts
• Wind and Current Charts
• Sailing Directions
• [5] U.S.Navy Contributions to Science and Commerce (1847)
• Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts, 1851, 1854, 1855
• Lieut. Maury’s Investigations of the Winds and Currents of the Sea, 1851
• On the Probable Relation between Magnetism and the Circulation of the Atmosphere, 1851
• Maury’s Wind and Current Charts: Gales in the Atlantic, 1857
• The Physical Geography of the Sea, 1855, 1856, 1859
• Observations to Determine the Solar Parallax, 1856
• Amazon, and the Atlantic Slopes of South America, 1853
• Commander M. F. Maury on American Affairs, 1861
• The Physical Geography of the Sea and Its Meteorology, 1861
• Maury’s New Elements of Geography for Primary and Intermediate Classes
• Geography: "First Lessons"
• Elementary Geography: Designed for Primary and Intermediate Classes.
• Geography: "The World We Live In" by M. F. Maury
• Published Address of Com. M. F. Maury, before the Fair of the Agricultural & Mechanical Society.
• Geology: A Physical Survey of Virginia;

Her Geographical Position, Its Commercial Advantages and National Importance, Virginia Military Institute, 1869

Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area  Ranked 35th  - Total 42,793 sq mi (110,862 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 7. ... The Virginia Military Institute (VMI), located in Lexington, Virginia, is the oldest state military college in the United States. ...

External links

• [6] Naval Oceanographic Office -- Matthew Fontaine Maury Oceanographic Library - The World's Largest Oceanographic Library.
• [7] United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps - Matthew Fontaine Maury - Pathfinders Division.
• [8] The Maury Project; A comprehensive national program of teacher enhancement based on studies of the physical foundations of oceanography.
• [9] The Mariner's Museum: Matthew Fontaine Maury Society.
• [10] Online development; Biography of Matthew Fontaine Maury.
• [11] Letter to President John Quincy Adams from Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury (1847) on the "National" United States Naval Observatory regarding a written description of the observatory, in detail, with other information relating thereto, including an explanation of the objects and uses of the various instruments.
• [12] The National Observatory and The Virginia Historical Society (May 1849)
• [13] Biography of Matthew Fontaine Maury] at U.S. Navy Historical Center.

• [14] Matthew Fontaine Maury continues to inspire adults and children - a song by grade schoolers.