The Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Variously translated as 'Institute of Sex Research' or 'Institute for Sexology') (Germany, 1919-1933) was an early sexology research institute. The infamous Nazi book-burnings (Bücherverbrennung) in Berlin were of the archives of the Institute of Sex Research. 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Sexology is the systematic study of human sexuality. ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Book burning is the practice of ceremoniously destroying by fire one or more copies of a book or other written material. ... Berlin (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4. ...

The Institute was headed by Jewish doctor Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935). Since 1897 he had run the Wissenschaftlich-humanitäre Komitee (Scientific Humanitarian Committee), which campaigned on conservative and rational grounds for gay legal reform and tolerance. The Committee published the long-running journal Jahrbuch fur sexuelle Zwischenstufen. Hirshfeld was also a researcher; he collected questionnaires from 10,000 people, informing his book Die Homosexualität des Mannes und des Weibes (1914). He built a unique library on same-sex love and eroticism; and in 1919 Hirschfeld opened the Institute of Sex Research to house this. It was situated on the In den Zelten. As well as being a research library, the Institute also advocated wider sexual education, contraception, the treatment of sexually-transmitted diseases, and women's emancipation. The Institute was visited by around 20,000 people each year, and conducted around 1,800 consultations. Poorer visitors were treated for free. The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... Magnus Hirschfeld (May 14, 1868 - May 14, 1935) was a prominent German physician, sexologist, and gay rights advocate, who developed the theory of a third, intermediate sex between men and women. ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The gay rights movement is a collection of loosely aligned civil rights groups, human rights groups, support groups and political activists seeking acceptance, tolerance and equality for non-heterosexual, (homosexual, bisexual), and transgender people - despite the fact that it is typically referred to as the gay rights movement, members also... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Sex education is education about sexual reproduction in human beings, sexual intercourse and other aspects of human sexual behavior. ... Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), are diseases that are commonly transmitted between partners through some form of sexual activity, most commonly vaginal intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex. ...

In late February 1933, as the moderating influence of Ernst Röhm weakened, the Nazi Party launched its purge of homosexual (gay, lesbian, and bisexual; then known as homophile) clubs in Berlin, outlawed sex publications, and banned organised gay groups. As a consequence, many fled Germany (e.g.: Erika Mann). In March 1933 the Institute's main administrator, Kurt Hiller, had been sent to a concentration camp. 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Ernst Röhm Ernst Röhm (or Roehm) (November 28, 1887, Munich; July 1, 1934, Munich-Stadelheim prison, executed) was a German military officer and commander and co-founder of the Nazi Sturmabteilung or stormtroopers. Early Nazi years Röhm served as a career officer with the Bavarian Army during... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... The word homophile is a synonym for homosexual or gay. ... Gay, in addition to meaning happy, also means, simplistically, preferring the same sex in current usage, though to tie down the word to a specific cultural meaning might be to misrespresent a huge community of individuals who find themselves described by the word gay. The term gay, or lesbian for... Erika Julia Hedwig Mann (November 9, 1905 - August 27, 1969) was the daughter of novelist Thomas Mann. ... A concentration camp is a large detention center created for political opponents, aliens, specific ethnic or religious groups, civilians of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, often during a war. ...

On 6th May 1933, while Hirschfeld was on a lecture-tour of the USA, Nazi youth of the Deutsche Studentenschaft made an organised attack on the Institute of Sex Research. A few days later the Institute's library and archives were publically hauled out and burned in the streets of the Opernplatz. Around 20,000 books and journals, and 5,000 images, were destroyed. Also seized were the Institute's extensive lists of names & addresses. In the midst of the burning Joseph Goebbels gave a political speech to a crowd of around 40,000 people. The leaders of the Deutsche Studentenschaft also proclaimed their own Feuerspruche ('fire decrees against the un-German spirit'). Jewish books from local public libraries and the Humboldt University were also burned. Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels (October 29, 1897 – May 1, 1945) was Adolf Hitlers Propaganda Minister (see Propagandaministerium) in Nazi Germany. ... Humboldt University may refer to either of two universities: Humboldt University of Berlin (in German Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), the oldest university in the city of Berlin and from its founding in 1810 until 1949 known as the Friedrich Wilhelm University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität). ...

There were many other small book-burnings organised around Germany on the same night; including at Munich's Konigplatz. By the 22nd May book-burnings had happened in Heidelberg, Frankfurt, Göttingen, Cologne, Hamburg, Dortmund, Halle, Nuremberg, Würzburg, Hannover, Münster, Königsberg, Koblenz, and Salzburg - and the Gestapo were confiscating public and private libraries to be destroyed in paper mills. Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München pronunciation) is the state capital of the German Bundesland of Bavaria. ... Map of Germany showing Heidelberg Castle of Heidelberg pictured from the Old Bridge Heidelberg (halfway between Stuttgart and Frankfurt) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Frankfurt am Main [ˈfraŋkfʊrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth largest city of Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Göttingen 1 External links Coat of Arms University of Göttingen Top: The old Auditorium Maximum (1862-65) Bottom: New library building Göttingen is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Cologne Cologne skyline at night. ... Position of Hamburg in Germany Hamburgs central broadway Jungfernstieg at the Alster lake, between 1900 and 1914 This article is about the city in Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Dortmund Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. ... Map of Germany showing Halle Halle (also called Halle an der Saale in order to distinguish from Halle in North Rhine-Westphalia) is the largest town in the German Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt. ... Nuremberg coat of arms Location of Nuremberg Nuremberg (German: Nürnberg) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. ... Würzburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Hanover Hanover (in German: Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the river Leine, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... Münster is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... The name Königsberg can refer to two cities: present-day Kaliningrad in Russia, until 1945 a capital of East Prussia in the former German Empire Königsberg in Bayern, a small city in Bavaria in present-day Germany This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... Koblenz (also Coblenz and the French Coblence) is after Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein the third largest city in Rhineland-Palatinate (german Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany. ... This page is for the city of Salzburg. ... The Gestapo was the official secret police force of Nazi Germany. ... A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from wood pulp and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier Machine or similar apparatus. ...

The buildings were later taken over by the Nazis for their own purposes. They were a bombing ruin by 1944, and were demolished sometime in the mid 1950s. Hirschfeld tried, in vain, to re-establish his Institute in Paris, but he died in France in 1935. He left money in his will for the Institute; but those to whom it was left had destroyed their identity documents on fleeing Germany and thus could not legally claim the money. 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Events and trends Technology United States tests the first fusion bomb. ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

While many fled into exile, the radical activist Adolf Brand made a brave stand in Germany for five months after the book burnings, Finally the persecution became too much, and in November 1933 he was forced to announce the formal end of the organised gay emancipation movement in Germany. On June 28, 1934 Hitler conducted a murderous purge of gay men in the ranks of the S.A. wing of the Nazis, and this was followed by stricter laws on homosexuality and the round-up of homosexuals - it is hard to imagine that the address lists seized from the Institute did not aid Hitler in these actions. Many ten of thousands of arrestees found themselves, ultimately, in slave-labour or death camps. Others, such as John Henry Mackay, committed suicide. Adolf Brand (1874-1945) was a German journalist and school teacher who began publishing the first German homosexual periodical, Der Eigene (The Special), in 1896. ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... The Night of the Long Knives (German, Nacht der langen Messer), also known as Reichsmordwoche or the Blood Purge, was a purge ordered by Adolf Hitler of potential political rivals (who have been said to want more socialism and less nationalism in the party)in the Sturmabteilung, or S.A... Hitler addressing SA members in the late 1920s The Sturmabteilung (SA, German for Storm Division and is usually translated as stormtroops or stormtroopers) functioned as a paramilitary organisation of the NSDAP – the German Nazi party. ... John Henry Mackay (Greenock, Scotland, 1864 - Stahnsdorf 1933). ...

One of the books known to have been burned on the Opernplatz was the works of the Jewish poet Heinrich Heine; one of his most famous lines is now: "Where they burn books, they will, in the end, burn human beings too" (1822). The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (December 13, 1797 - February 17, 1856) was one of the most significant German romantic poets. ...

Further reading

• John Lauritsen and David Thorstad. The Early Homosexual Rights Movement, 1864-1935. (Second Edition revised)
• Günter Grau (ed.). Hidden Holocaust? Gay and lesbian persecution in Germany 1933-45. (1995).
• Charlotte Wolff. Magnus Hirschfeld: A Portrait of a Pioneer in Sexology. (1986).
• James D. Steakley. The Early Homosexual Emancipation Movement in Germany. (1975).
• Mark Blasins & Shane Phelan. (Eds.) We Are Everywhere: A Historical Source Book of Gay and Lesbian Politics (See chapter: The Emergence of a Gay and Lesbian Political Culture in Germany).
• Harry Oosterhuis. (Ed.) Homosexuality and Male Bonding in Pre-Nazi Germany: The Youth Movement, the Gay Movement, and Male Bonding Before Hitler’s Rise: Original Transcripts from Der Eigene, the First Gay Journal in the World. (1991).
• Leonidas Hill. "The Nazi Attack on 'Un-German' Literature, 1933-1945." In: The Holocaust and the Book: Destruction and Preservation (2001). (Places the book-burning in the wider context of publishing & censorship in pre-Nazi Germany.)

1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Documentaries

• Rosa von Praunheim (Dir.) The Einstein of Sex (Germany, 2001). (About Magnus Hirschfeld - English subtitled version available).

External links

• www.magnus-hirschfeld.de/institut
• photo, likely to be taken during the burning of the Institute's archives and library (http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/01622.htm)
• When Books Burn (http://www.library.arizona.edu/images/burnedbooks/) - University of Arizona multimedia exhibit.