Psychiatry
| | SPECIALTIES | | Biopsychiatry
Neuropsychiatry
Social psychiatry
Cross-cultural
Behavioral
Forensic
Liason
Pharmacology
Psychotherapy
Psychiatrist redirects here. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (860x860, 69 KB) Description: saggital transection through the human brain Source: this is my very own brain. ...
Biological psychiatry, sometimes referred to as bio-psychiatry, is a term used mainly by critics of mainstream mental health orthodoxy to describe what some believe are unproven and subjective diagnostic and treatment practices in the mental health field. ...
Neuropsychiatry is the branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Cross-cultural psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry concerned with the cultural and ethnic context of mental disorder and psychiatric services. ...
Behavioral medicine is an interdisciplinary field of medicine concerned with the development and integration of psychosocial, behavioral and biomedical knowledge relevant to health and illness. ...
Liaison psychiatry, also known as consultative psychiatry or consultation-liaison psychiatry is the branch of psychiatry that specialises in the interface between other medical specialties and psychiatry, and concerns itself with patients with problems in both physical and mental health, as well as patients who may report physical symptoms as...
Psychopharmacology is the study of the effects of any psychoactive drug that acts upon the mind by affecting brain chemistry. ...
// Psychotherapy is a range of techniques based on dialogue, communication and behavior change and which are designed to improve the mental health of a client or patient, or to improve group relationships (such as in a family). ...
| | SOCIETIES | | American Board
American Psychiatric
UK Psychiatric A professional body or professional organization is an organisation, usually non-profit, that exists to further a particular profession, to protect both the public interest and the interests of professionals. ...
The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology was founded in 1934 following conferences of committees appointed by the American Psychiatric Association, the American Neurological Association, and the then Section on Nervous and Mental Diseases of the American Medical Association. ...
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the most influential world-wide. ...
The Royal College of Psychiatrists has been in existence in some form since 1841. ...
| | LISTS | | Psychiatrists
Famous psychiatrists
Physicians
Psychiatric drugs
Drugs by condition
Neurological disorders
Psychotherapies This list includes notable medical doctors specializing in the field of psychiatry. ...
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This is a list of famous physicians in history: // Thomas Addis (1881–1949) — pioneered urine testing and the study of renal diseases Virginia Apgar (1909–1974) — anesthesiologist who devised the Apgar score used after childbirth Hans Asperger (1906–1980) — Austrian paediatrician after whom Aspergers Syndrome is named Jean Astruc...
This is a list of psychiatric drugs or medications used by psychiatrists to treat mental illness or distress. ...
This is a list of psychiatric drugs used by psychiatrists to treat mental illness or distress. ...
This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e. ...
This is an alphabetical List of Psychotherapies. ...
This box: view • talk • edit | Forensic psychiatry is a subspeciality of psychiatry. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. Some practitioners of forensic psychiatry have taken extra training in that specific area. In the United States one year fellowships are offered in this field to psychiatrists who have completed their general psychiatry training. In Britain one is required to complete a three-year subspeciality training in forensic psychiatry, after completing one's general psychiatry training, before one can be registered as a forensic psychiatrist. In some countries general psychiatrists can practice forensic psychiatry as well. However, some countries require a specific certification from the government to do this type of work (e.g. Japan). Psychiatrist redirects here. ...
Court work
Forensic psychiatrists work with courts in evaluating an individual's competency to stand trial, defences based on mental diseases or defects (e.g., the "insanity" defence), and sentencing recommendations. There are two major areas of criminal evaluations in forensic psychiatry. These are Competency to Stand trial (CST) and Mental State at the Time of the Offence (MSO). A trial at the Old Bailey in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ...
In legal parlance, a trial is an event in which parties to a dispute present information (in the form of evidence) in a formal setting, usually a court, before a judge, jury, or other designated finder of fact, in order to achieve a resolution to their dispute. ...
The Scream, the famous painting commonly thought of as depicting the experience of mental illness. ...
In law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. ...
Competency to stand trial (CST) This is the determination that a defendant has the mental capacity to understand the charges and assist his attorney. This is seated in the Fifth Amendment to the US Constitution, which ensures the right to be present at your trial, to face your accusers, and to have help from an attorney.
In English and Welsh law a similar concept is that of "fitness to plead". In the law of England and Wales, Fitness to Plead is covered in the Criminal Procedure (Insanity and Unfitness to Plead) Act 1991. ...
As an expert witness Forensic psychiatrists are often called to be expert witnesses in both criminal and civil proceedings. Expert witnesses give their opinion about a specific issue. Often the psychiatrist will have prepared a detailed report before testifying. The primary duty of the expert witness is to provide an independent opinion to the court. An expert witness is a witness, who by virtue of education, or profession, or experience, is believed to have special knowledge of his subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon his opinion. ...
Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. ...
In the common law, civil law refers to the area of law governing relations between private individuals. ...
An expert witness is a witness, who by virtue of education, or profession, or experience, is believed to have special knowledge of his subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely his opinion. ...
Mental state opinion This gives the Court an opinion, and only an opinion, as to whether a defendant was able at the time of the crime, to understand what he was doing. This is worded differently in many states, and has been rejected altogether in some, but in every setting, the intent to do a criminal act and the understanding that it was a criminal act bear on the final disposition of the case. Much of forensic psychiatry is guided by significant Court ruling or laws that bear on this area. "Not guilty by reason of insanity" is one potential outcome in this type of trial. Insanity is this case is a legal not a medical term. Often there will be a psychiatrist(s) for the defense as well as the prosecution. The insanity defense are possible defenses by excuse, via which a defendant may argue that they should not be held criminally liable for breaking the law, as they were mentally ill or mentally incompetent at the time of their allegedly criminal actions. ...
Insanity, or madness, is a general term for a semi-permanent, severe mental disorder. ...
They are also involved in the care of prisoners, both those in jails and those in prisons, and in the care of the mentally ill and dangerous (such as those who have been found not guilty by reason of insanity).
Britain In Britain most forensic psychiatrists work for the National Health Service, in specialist secure units caring for mentally ill offenders (as well as people whose behaviour has made them impossible to manage in other hospitals). These can be either medium secure units (of which there are many throughout the country) or maximum security hospitals (also known as Special Hospitals), of which there are three in England and one in Scotland, the best known of which being Broadmoor Hospital. The other 'specials' are Ashworth hospital in Maghull, Liverpool and Rampton hospital in Nottinghamshire. There are also a number of private sector medium secure units, which sell their beds exclusively to the NHS, as there are not enough secure beds available in the NHS system. (There are no 'private' paying patients in Forensic Psychiatry!) , the information in this article describes the current English public health service. ...
Broadmoor Hospital is a maximum secure psychiatric hospital in Crowthorne in Berkshire. ...
Forensic psychiatrists often also do prison inreach work, in which they go into prisons and assess and treat people suspected of having mental disorders; much of the day to day work of these psychiatrists comprises care of very seriously mentally ill patients, especially those suffering from schizophrenia. Some units also treat people with severe personality disorder, learning disabilities (by which is meant, in Britain, intellectual impairment), autistic spectrum disorders or other illnesses. Personality disorders form a class of mental disorders that are characterized by long-lasting rigid patterns of thought and actions. ...
In broad terms, the phrase learning disability covers any of a range of conditions that affect a persons ability to learn new information. ...
The areas of assessment for courts are also somewhat different in Britain, because of differing mental health law. Fitness to plead, and mental state at the time of the offence are indeed issues given consideration, but the mental state at the time of the offence is also a major issue, and it is this assessment which most commonly leads to the use of mental health legislation to detain people in hospital, as opposed to their getting a prison sentence.
Court work (medico-legal work) is generally but not exclusively undertaken by psychiatrists (most often 'forensic' psychiatrists who are consultants (senior doctors) in the National Health Service (NHS).
Canada In Canada certain credentialed medical practitioners may, and apparently at their sole discretion, make state sanctioned investigations into and diagnosis of "mental illness". These diagnoses appear to be based at least in part, and in some cases entirely upon, the investigator's expressed perceptions of the validity of the subject's thoughts and beliefs. This aspect of diagnosis is manifest in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) glossary definition of "delusion" which begins; "A false belief based on...", and is found on page 821 of the DSM-IV-TR. Significantly the presence of "delusions" seem to form a primary criterion for the diagnosis of the majority of DSM-IV-TR "psychotic" disorders including Schizophrenia and Scizoaffective Disorder (Criterion A1 in the case of Schizophrenia). The DSM-IV-TR also states the "No laboratory findings have been identified that are diagnostic of Schizophrenia". This statement is also applied to Major Depressive episodes and Manic episodes. A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. ...
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association The poopDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States. ...
The application of DSM-IV-TR criteria to the various pieces of criminal as well as federal health and provincial mental health law in Canada seems still to occur in spite of their conflict in this respect with Section 2(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, [1] which guarantees the "fundamental" "freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression". Part VII -- General, of the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982 states that "any law that is inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution "...(which contains the Charter)..."is, to the extent of the inconsistency, of no force or effect". The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ...
The Constitution Act, 1982 (Schedule B of the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.)) is a part of the Constitution of Canada. ...
The potential for state sanctioned involuntary detainment and treatment exists pursuant to the Criminal Code of Canada, [2] and these health acts. The Ontario Mental Health Act, [3] for example contains references to circumstances under which involuntary admission to psychiatric facilities can occur. The Canadian Criminal Code (formal title An Act respecting the Criminal Law) is the codification of most of the criminal offenses and procedure in Canada. ...
The Ontario Mental Health Act (OMHA) is an Ontario law which regulates the administration of Mental Health Care. ...
Incidentally legal involvement and involuntary detainment and treatment is not fundamental to the DSM-IV-TR nor are implications of violent behavior at frequencies exceeding that of the general population attributed to those diagnosed. To a significant degree courts are in fact cautioned against the use of DSM-IV diagnosis in the DSM-IV introduction itself in its section entitled Use of DSM-IV in Forensic Settings.
In the Canadian criminal justice system, again, in spite of the Charter Freedoms, individuals continue to be subjected to discrimination based on DSM IV diagnosis within the context of part XX.1 of the Criminal Code of Canada, [4]. This part sets out provisions for, among other things, court ordered attempts at "treatment" before individuals receive a trial as described in section 672.58 of the Criminal Code. Also provided for are external court ordered "psychiatric assessments" that may involve detention and the selective procurement of anecdotal accounts, psychiatric records, and records of past diagnosis and treatment. Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Hate groups Genocide · Holocaust · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution · Gay bashing Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Supremacism Fundamentalism · Kahanism Anti-discriminatory Abolitionism · Civil rights · Gay rights Womens/Universal suffrage · Mens rights Childrens rights · Youth rights...
The Canadian Criminal Code (formal title An Act respecting the Criminal Law) is the codification of most of the criminal offenses and procedure in Canada. ...
Interestingly the position of the Canadian Psychiatric Association itself, stated in The Confidentiality of Psychiatric Records and the Patient's Right to Privacy(2000-21S), holds that "in recent years, serious incursions have been made by governments, powerful commercial interests, law enforcement agencies, and the courts on the rights of persons to their privacy."
An outline of this process as it occurs in the Canadian Province of Ontario is attempted in the publication The Forensic Mental Health System In Ontario published by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and [5] in Toronto. The Guide states; "Whatever you tell a forensic psychiatrist and the other professionals assessing you is not confidential." This occurs in spite of the fact that the accused, and indeed the families, friends, physicians and other sources close to an accused are by law under no compulsion to participate in these investigations though they may feel compelled on ethical and medical grounds to divulge information to these "assessors" in order to ensure the safe treatment of an accused placed in the custody of a team imbued with the dual, and arguably (in light of the above statement from The Guide), conflicting roles of caregivers and assessors. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, ARF Site The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) is a consortium of mental health clinics at several sites in Toronto, Ontario. ...
Remarkably in the context of a bail hearing in Ontario there is modern precedent for the adduction of anecdotal evidence about the mental health history of family members of an accused as in R. v. Foley, Newmarket, Ontario, 2005. Later during the the trial portion of this proceeding evidence was introduced as part of an "expert" "psychiatric" report ordered by the court alleging the existence of a genital wart on the accused though not elaborating on its relevance in assessing whether the accused was suffering from a "mental disorder" that rendered him or her incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of the act committed was wrong as laid out in section 16(1) of the Criminal Code. The trial Judge deflected an attempt by the defense in the matter to have the relevance of the alleged wart explained. In law, a precedent or authority is a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. ...
With a finding of "Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder" as described in section 672.34 of the Criminal Code lifelong restrictions on freedom, mandatory "treatment", and indefinite detention subject to periodic non-judicial review appear possible well beyond the scope of set limits for detention for those found to be criminally responsible for the same or even much more serious offenses. Section 672.12 of the Criminal Code states "The court may make an assessment order at any stage of proceedings against the accused of its own motion, on application of the accused or, subject to subsections (2)and (3), on application of the prosecutor" implying that the test is not universally applied.
Fictional depictions A fictional television show, Wonderland, briefly aired in the United States. It was based on the daily work lives of forensic psychiatrists at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. Only two episodes aired of the six filmed, possibly because of the controversial nature of the show.[citation needed] Dr. George Huang (portrayed by BD Wong) on Law and Order: SVU is a forensic psychiatrist. In addition, the CBS crime-drama Criminal Minds features a young forensic psychiatrist (portrayed by Matthew Gray Gubler (Dr. Spencer Reid)) on the FBI profiling team the show centers around. Wonderland was a short-lived and controversial 2000 ABC television drama directed by Peter Berg. ...
Bellevue Hospital is a famous hospital located in New York City, New York, United States. ...
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Criminal Minds is a crime drama that premiered on CBS on 22 September 2005. ...
Matthew Gray Gubler as Dr. Spencer Reid in Criminal Minds Matthew Gray Gubler (born March 9, 1980 in Las Vegas, Nevada) is an American actor, director, sketch artist, and former male fashion model. ...
See also This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Nonviolent Communication (NVC) is a process developed by Marshall Rosenberg that seeks to allow people to communicate with others effectively and with compassion. ...
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