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Encyclopedia > Ford Foundation
Ford Foundation
Founder(s) Henry & Edsel Ford
Founded 1936
Headquarters New York, New York, United States
Focus Advance Human Welfare
Method Grants, Funding
Endowment $13.7 billion USD
Website www.fordfound.org

The Ford Foundation is a charitable foundation incorporated in Michigan and based in New York City created to fund programs that promote democracy, reduce poverty, promote international understanding, and advance human achievement.[1] The current president is Luis Ubiñas[2], who succeeded Susan V. Berresford in January 2008. An entrepreneur (a loanword from French introduced and first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon) is a person who operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution, with the stipulation that it be invested, and the principal remain intact. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... A charitable foundation is a legal categorization of nonprofit organizations that either donate funds and support to other organizations, or provide the sole source of funding for their own activities. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows what he found. ...


Since it was chartered in 1936 by Edsel Ford, Henry Ford, and two Ford Motor Company executives, the Ford Foundation has operated as an independent, nonprofit, nongovernmental organization.[3] Edsel Bryant Ford (November 6, 1893 – May 26, 1943), son of Henry Ford, was born in Detroit. ... Henry Ford (1919) Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. ... “Ford” redirects here. ...


The foundation makes grants through its New York headquarters and through twelve international field offices. In fiscal year 2007, it reported assets of $13.7 billion and approved $530 million in grants[4] for projects that focused on strengthening democratic values, community and economic development, education, media, arts and culture, and human rights.[5]

Contents

History

The Ford Foundation was chartered on January 15, 1936 in Michigan by Edsel Ford and two Ford Motor Company executives "to receive and administer funds for scientific, educational and charitable purposes, all for the public welfare".[6] During its early years, the foundation operated in Michigan under the leadership of Ford family members and their associates, and supported such organizations as the Henry Ford Hospital, Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum, among others. is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Edsel Bryant Ford (November 6, 1893 – May 26, 1943), son of Henry Ford, was born in Detroit. ... “Ford” redirects here. ... Henry Ford Health System is one of the nations leading health care providers, offering a seamless array of acute, primary, tertiary, quaternary and preventive care backed by excellence in research and education. ... A Ford Model T, used for giving tourist rides, is shown above at Greenfield Village. ...


After the deaths of Edsel Ford in 1943 and Henry Ford in 1947, the presidency of the Ford Foundation fell to Edsel's eldest son, Henry Ford II. Under Henry II's leadership, the Ford Foundation board of trustees commissioned a report to determine how the foundation should continue. The committee, headed by California attorney H. Rowan Gaither, recommended that the foundation should commit to promoting peace, freedom, and education throughout the world. It provided funding for various projects, including the pre-existing network, National Educational Television, which went on the air in 1952. However, the Ford Foundation, with the help of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting shut it down and replaced it with the Public Broadcasting Service in October of 1970. The board of directors decided to diversify the foundation's portfolio and gradually divested itself of its substantial Ford Motor Company stock between 1956 and 1974. Through this divestiture, the Ford Motor Company became a public company in 1956. Henry Ford (1919) Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. ... Horace Rowan Gaither, Jr. ... The color NET logo was incorporated into a model building at the beginning and end of Mister Rogers Neighborhood from 1969 to 1970. ... The Corporation for Public Broadcasting logo, used from 1969 to 2002. ... PBS redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


Based on recommendations outlined in the Gaither report, the foundation’s grants began to include support for higher education, the arts, economic development, civil rights, and the environment, among other areas.


In 1951, Ford made its first grant to support the development of the public broadcasting system.[7] These grants continued, and in 1969 the foundation gave $1 million to the Children’s Television Workshop to help create and launch “Sesame Street”. [8] Sesame Street is an American educational childrens television series for preschoolers and is a pioneer of the contemporary educational television standard, combining both education and entertainment. ...


In 1952, the foundation’s first international field office opened in New Delhi, India. This article is about the capital city of India. ...


Throughout the 1950s, the foundation provided a series of arts and humanities fellowships that supported the work of figures like Josef Albers, James Baldwin, Saul Bellow, E. E. Cummings, Flannery O'Connor, Jacob Lawrence, Robert Lowell, and Margaret Mead. Josef Albers (born March 19, 1888 in Bottrop, Westphalia (Germany) - died March 26, 1976 in New Haven, Connecticut), was a German artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of some of the most influential and far-reaching art education programs of... James Baldwin may refer to: James Baldwin (editor and author) (1841–1925) James Baldwin (writer) (1924–1987) James Baldwin (baseball player) (born 1971) J. Baldwin (born 1934), industrial designer, author, educator James Mark Baldwin (1861–1934), philosopher and psychologist Category: ... Saul Bellow, born Solomon Bellows, (Lachine, Quebec, Canada, June 10, 1915 – April 5, 2005 in Brookline, Massachusetts) was an acclaimed Canadian-born American writer. ... Cummings in 1953 Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14, 1894 – September 3, 1962), popularly known as E. E. Cummings, was an American poet, painter, essayist, and playwright. ... Mary Flannery OConnor (March 25, 1925 – August 3, 1964) was an American novelist, short-story writer and essayist. ... Self-portrait, 1977; This is typical in terms of color and style in its flattened and abstracted treatment of realistic subject matter. ... Robert Lowell (March 1, 1917–September 12, 1977), born Robert Traill Spence Lowell, IV, was a highly regarded mid-twentieth-century American poet. ... Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901, Philadelphia – November 15, 1978, New York City) was an American cultural anthropologist. ...


In 1976, the foundation helped launch the Grameen Bank, which offers small loans to the rural poor of Bangladesh. In 2006, the Grameen Bank and its founder, Muhammad Yunus, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for pioneering micro-credit.[9] The Grameen Bank (Bangla: গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক) is a microfinance organization and community development bank started in Bangladesh that makes small loans (known as microcredit) to the impoverished without requiring collateral. ... For the Indian diplomat, see Mohammad Yunus (diplomat). ... Lester B. Pearson after accepting the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ...


In the late 1980s, the foundation began making grants to fight the AIDS epidemic, which included support for the establishment of a $4.5 million program to improve AIDS education and treatment in communities around the country.


In 2000, the foundation launched the International Fellowships Program (IFP) with a 12-year, $280 million grant, the largest in its history. IFP provides fellowships to students from marginalized communities outside the U.S. to pursue graduate studies at universities anywhere in the world. Fellows are selected in 22 countries in Asia, Russia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America where the foundation has grant-making programs. Fellowships support study fields that relate to the foundation's many and diverse grant-making areas. [10]


For many years, the foundation topped annual lists compiled by the Foundation Center of U.S. foundations with the most assets and the highest annual giving; however, the foundation has fallen a few places in those lists in recent years, especially with the establishment of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2000. In 2006, the foundation was 2nd and far behind the Gates Foundation in terms of assets and 4th in terms of annual grant giving. [11] The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the worlds largest charitable foundation. ...


Other than its name, the Ford Foundation has not had any connections to the Ford Motor Company nor the Ford family for over thirty years. Henry Ford II, the last family member on the board of trustees, resigned from the foundation board in 1976, encouraging foundation staff to remain open to new ideas and work to strengthen the country’s economic system. Henry Ford II Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 — September 29, 1987), commonly known as Hank the Deuce, was the son of Edsel Ford and grandson of Henry Ford. ...


Atrium

Built in 1967 by the firm of Roche-Dinkleloo, the Ford Foundation building was the first large-scale architectural building in the country to devote a substantial portion of its space to horticultural pursuits. This atrium was designed with the notion of having accessible urban greenspace to all, and is an example of the applications of environmental psychology. The building was recognized in 1968 by the Architectural Record as "a new kind of urban space". This design concept was later extended to include many of the indoor shopping malls and skyscrapers built in subsequent decades. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building a landmark in the mid-1990s. Looking up inside the 32-story atrium of the Shanghai Grand Hyatt, part of the Jin Mao Building. ... Greenspace is a term used to describe the areas in a city or dense suburb where plants are growing. ... Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field focused on the interplay between humans and their surroundings. ... Architectural Record is an American monthly magazine dedicated to architecture and interior design, published by McGraw-Hill Construction in New York City. ... The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission is the New York City agency charged with administering New Yorks Landmarks Preservation Law. ...


Critics

The Ford Foundation supports many liberal causes and has been heavily criticized for many of the programs it funds for a variety of reasons.


In 1968, the foundation began disbursing $12 million to persuade law schools to make "law school clinics" part of their curriculum. Clinics were intended to give practical experience in law practice while providing pro bono representation to the poor. However, critics charge that the clinics have been used instead as an avenue for the professors to engage in political activism. Critics cite the financial involvement of the Ford Foundation as the turning point when such clinics began to change from giving practical experience to engaging in advocacy.[12] // A law school is an institution where future lawyers obtain legal degrees. ... Pro bono is a phrase derived from Latin meaning for the good. The complete phrase is pro bono publico, for the public good. It is used to designate legal or other professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment, as a public service. ...


The former Binghamton University professor of sociology, James Petras, and other critics accuse the Foundation of being a front organization for the CIA. Petras names the exchange of high-ranking personnel between the CIA and the Foundation, Ford Foundation's big donations to the CIA-front Congress for Cultural Freedom, the former Foundation president Richard Bissell's relationship with DCI Allen Dulles and involvement with the Marshall Plan during the 1950s, among other things. According to Petras, the Ford Foundation funds "anti-leftist human rights groups which focus on attacking human rights violations of U.S. adversaries".[13] Overlooking center of campus. ... James Petras at an Axis for Peace event James Petras, a retired Bartle Professor (Emeritus) of Sociology at Binghamton University, SUNY, New York, U.S., and adjunct professor at Saint Marys University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. ... A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization, such as intelligence agencies, criminal organizations, banned organizations, religious or political groups, advocacy groups, or corporations. ... CIA redirects here. ... The Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF)) was an anti-communist advocacy group founded in 1950. ... Richard Mervin Bissell Jr. ... Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) serves as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which is part of the United States Intelligence Community. ... Allen Welsh Dulles (April 23, 1893 – January 29, 1969) was an influential director of the Central Intelligence Agency from 1953 to 1961 and a member of the Warren Commission. ... Map of Cold-War era Europe and the Near East showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ... Left wing redirects here. ...


Another American academic, Joan Roelofs, in Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism (State University of New York Press, 2003) argues that Ford and similar foundations play a key role in co-opting opposition movements: "While dissent from ruling class ideas is labeled 'extremism' and is isolated, individual dissenters may be welcomed and transformed. Indeed, ruling class hegemony is more durable if it is not rigid and narrow, but is able dynamically to incorporate emergent trends." She reports that John J. McCloy, while chairman of the Foundation's board of trustees, "...thought of the Foundation as a quasi-extension of the U.S. government. It was his habit, for instance, to drop by the National Security Council (NSC) in Washington every couple of months and casually ask whether there were any overseas projects the NSC would like to see funded." Roelofs also charges that the Ford Foundation financed counter-insurgency programs in Indonesia and other countries. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The White House National Security Council (NSC) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the President. ... Counter-insurgency is the combating of insurgency, by the government (or allies) of the territory in which the insurgency takes place. ...


In 2003, The Ford Foundation was critiqued by pro-Israel U.S. news service Jewish Telegraphic Agency, among others, for supporting Palestinian NGOs that undertook anti-semitic and anti-Zionist activities at the 2001 World Conference Against Racism. Under considerable duress by several members of Congress, chief among them Rep. Jerrold Nadler, the Foundation apologized and then prohibited the promotion of "violence, terrorism, bigotry or the destruction of any state" among its grantees, itself sparking protest among university provosts and various non-profit groups on free speech issues. [14] The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) is an international news agency serving Jewish community newspapers and media around the world. ... The World Conference against Racism (WCAR) are international events organized by the UNESCO in order to struggle against racism ideologies and behaviours. ... Jerrold Lewis Nadler, sometimes called Jerry Nadler (born June 13, 1947) is an American politician from New York City. ...


In 2005, Michigan Attorney General Mike Cox began a probe of the foundation. Though the Ford Foundation is headquartered in New York City, it is chartered in Michigan, giving the state some jurisdiction, although many foundations are chartered in states different from where they are headquartered. Cox focused on its governance, potential conflicts of interest among board members, and what he viewed as its poor record of giving to charities in Michigan considering its origins. Between 1998 and 2002, the Ford Foundation gave Michigan charities about $2.5 million per year, far less than many other charities its size. The foundation countered that an extensive review and report by the Gaither Study Committee in 1949 had recommended that the foundation broaden its scope beyond Michigan to national and international grant-making. The report was fully endorsed by Ford's board, and the trustees subsequently voted to move the foundation to New York in 1953. [15] Cox hoped that his probe would prod the foundation into giving more to Michigan charities, and indeed it was met with some success. [16] [17] Mike Cox (born 1961) is the 52nd Michigan Attorney General, having served since January 1, 2003. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...


Presidents

  • Edsel Ford (founder) 1936-1943
  • Henry Ford III 1943-1950
  • Paul G. Hoffman 1950-1953
  • H. Rowan Gaither 1953-1956
  • Henry T. Heald 1956-1965
  • McGeorge Bundy 1966-1979
  • Franklin Thomas 1979-1996
  • Susan V. Berresford 1996-2007
  • Luis Ubiñas 2008-

Source[18] Edsel Bryant Ford (November 6, 1893 – May 26, 1943), son of Henry Ford, was born in Detroit. ... Horace Rowan Gaither, Jr. ... McGeorge Bundy (1967) McGeorge Mac Bundy (March 30, 1919–September 16, 1996) was United States National Security Advisor to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson from 1961–1966, and was president of the Ford Foundation from 1966–1979. ...


References

  1. ^ Mission Statement. Ford Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
  2. ^ Biography. Ford Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
  3. ^ Mission Statement. Ford Foundation. Retrieved on 2006-09-16.
  4. ^ Financial Statement. Retrieved on 2007-05-13.
  5. ^ 2005 Annual Report. Retrieved on 2006-09-16.
  6. ^ Bak, Richard. Henry and Edsel: The Creation of the Ford Empire. 
  7. ^ Current.org. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  8. ^ IMDB. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  9. ^ Norwegian Nobel Committee. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  10. ^ Foundation Center. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  11. ^ Foundation Center. Retrieved on 2007-11-20.
  12. ^ Mac Donald, Heather. "Clinical, Cynical", Wall Street Journal, 2006-01-11, p. A14. Retrieved on 2006-07-23. 
  13. ^ Petras, James (2001-12-15). The Ford Foundation and the CIA: A documented case of philanthropic collaboration with the Secret Police. Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
  14. ^ Sherman, Scott. "Target Ford", The Nation, 2006-06-05. Retrieved on 2006-10-18. 
  15. ^ "Ford Foundation web site". Retrieved on 2007-11-20. 
  16. ^ Howes, Daniel. "Ford Foundation probed; AG claims Mich. left out", Detroit News, 2006-04-02. Retrieved on 2006-07-23. 
  17. ^ "Ford Foundation website press release", 2005-12-02. Retrieved on 2007-11-20. 
  18. ^ Ford Foundation Presidents. Ford Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-09-10.

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Further reading

The Réseau Voltaire (Voltaire Network) is a international non-profit organisation, based in Paris with offices in London and Lima, which states it aims at promoting liberty and laïcité. Chairman : Thierry Meyssan (France) Deputy chairmen : Sandro Cruz (Peru), Issa El-Ayoubi (Lebanon) The Voltaire Network publishes a daily... The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an influential and independent, nonpartisan foreign policy membership organization founded in 1921 and based at 58 East 68th Street (corner Park Avenue) in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Through its membership, meetings, and studies, it has been...

See also

The Rockefeller Foundation (RF) is a prominent philanthropic organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. ... The Carnegie Corporation was founded by the will of Andrew Carnegie in 1911 to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an influential and independent, nonpartisan foreign policy membership organization founded in 1921 and based at 58 East 68th Street (corner Park Avenue) in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Through its membership, meetings, and studies, it has been... List of wealthiest foundations is an annotated list of the largest foundations and other charitable organizations, organised by country and size of financial endowment. ... MDRC is a nonprofit, nonpartisan education and social policy research organization dedicated to learning what works to improve programs and policies that affect the poor. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Ford Foundation - definition of Ford Foundation in Encyclopedia (256 words)
It was founded in 1936 with grants from Henry Ford and his son Edsel Ford of the Ford Motor Company, and was headed by McGeorge Bundy from 1966 to 1979.
As former Ford Foundation president Richard Bisell acknowledged, the purpose of the Foundation was not "so much to defeat the leftist intellectuals in dialectical combat as to lure them away from their positions".
James Petras (2001), The Ford Foundation and the CIA (http://www.rebelion.org/petras/english/ford010102.htm).
Who Rules America: The Ford Foundation in the Inner City (9965 words)
This is the story of the Ford Foundation's involvement in the inner city, which began back in 1955 when it financed a program to smooth the way for the expansion of downtowns into low-income neighborhoods through urban renewal.
Although the Ford Foundation was officially incorporated in 1936, it was just a hollow shell, giving occasional grants in Detroit to the Ford family's favorite charities, until it received a huge portion of Henry Ford's estate after his death in 1947.
In the late 1960s the Ford Foundation and its corporate and foundation allies also became involved with community organizations that were trying to help inner-city neighborhoods in still other ways, such as by forcing slumlords to repair their buildings and city officials to clean up the streets and playgrounds.
  More results at FactBites »

 

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