The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, except for the first years of the rule of Ottavio Farnese (1549-1556), and the time of the Napoleonic Dukes of Parma and Piacenza
The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, except for the first years of the rule of Ottavio Farnese (1549-1556), and the time of the NapoleonicDukes of Parma and Piacenza, when the two were established as separate positions held by two individuals.
The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1735 (when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor took it from Mantua) to 1847 (when the territory was ceded to Modena), again, except for the Napoleonicdukes, when there was no Duke of Guastalla.
Therefore, the Duke of Parma is a legitimate (though not prime) claimant to the Kingdom of Spain; indeed, the current Duke of Parma, Carlos-Hugo, was a pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s (see Carlism).
Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (1545 - 1592) was the son of DukeOttavio Farnese, duke of Parma and Margaret, the illegitimate daughter of the Habsburg Emperor Charles V.
Thus Alessandro was the nephew of Philip II of Spain and of Don John of Austria.
In 1586 Alexander Farnese became duke of Parma by the death of his father.
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