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Encyclopedia > 40 (number)

40 (forty) is the natural number following 39 and preceding 41. In English, forty is the only number whose constituent letters appear in alphabetical order. Note that "40" is not written as "fourty" with a "u". In mathematics, a natural number can mean either an element of the set {1, 2, 3, ...} (i. ... 39 (thirty-nine) is the natural number following 38 and preceding 40. ... 41 (forty-one) is the natural number following 40 and preceding 42. ...

 ← 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 → 39 (thirty-nine) is the natural number following 38 and preceding 40. ... 41 (forty-one) is the natural number following 40 and preceding 42. ... Look up forty-two in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 43 (forty-three) is the natural number following 42 and preceding 44. ... 44 (forty-four) is the natural number following 43 and preceding 45. ... 45 (forty-five) is the natural number following 43 and followed by 47. ... 46 is the natural number following 45 and preceding 47. ... 47 (forty-seven) is the natural number following 46 and followed by 48. ... 48 (forty-eight) is the natural number following 47 and preceding 49. ... 49 (forty-nine) is the natural number following 48 and preceding 50. ... 50 (fifty) is the number following 49 and preceding 51. ... List of numbers — Integers This is a list of articles about numbers (not about numerals). ... The integers are commonly denoted by the above symbol. ... 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 → 0 (zero) is both a number and a numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals. ... 10 (ten) is an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. ... 20 (twenty) is the natural number following 19 and preceding 21. ... 30 (thirty) is the natural number following 29 and preceding 31. ... 50 (fifty) is the number following 49 and preceding 51. ... 60 (sixty) is the natural number following 59 and preceding 61. ... 70 (seventy) is the natural number following 69 and preceding 71. ... 80 (eighty) is the natural number following 79 and preceding 81. ... 90 (ninety) is the natural number preceded by 89 and followed by 91. ... 100 (one hundred) (the Roman numeral is C for centum) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101. ... Cardinal 40 forty Ordinal 40th fortieth Factorization $2^3 cdot 5$ Divisors 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40 Roman numeral XL Roman numeral (Unicode) XL, xl Binary 101000 Octal 50 Duodecimal 34 Hexadecimal 28
Look up forty in
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## Contents

Aleph-0, the smallest infinite cardinal In mathematics, cardinal numbers, or cardinals for short, are a generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set. ... Commonly, ordinal numbers, or ordinals for short, are numbers used to denote the position in an ordered sequence: first, second, third, fourth, etc. ... In mathematics, factorization or factoring is the decomposition of an object (for example, a number, a polynomial, or a matrix) into a product of other objects, or factors, which when multiplied together give the original. ... In mathematics, a divisor of an integer n, also called a factor of n, is an integer which evenly divides n without leaving a remainder. ... The system of Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, and was adapted from Etruscan numerals. ... The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1. ... The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7. ... The duodecimal (also known as base-12 or dozenal) system is a numeral system using twelve as its base. ... In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal, base-16, or simply hex, is a numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16, usually written using the symbols 0â€“9 and Aâ€“F, or aâ€“f. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... It has been suggested that French Wiktionary be merged into this article or section. ...

Forty is an octagonal number, and as the sum of the first four pentagonal numbers, it is a pentagonal pyramidal number. Adding up some subsets of its divisors (e.g., 1, 4, 5, 10 and 20) gives 40, hence 40 is a semiperfect number. An octagonal number is a figurate number that represents an octagon. ... A pentagonal number is a figurate number that represents a pentagon. ... A pentagonal pyramidal number is a number equal to the sum of the first few pentagonal numbers. ... In mathematics, a semiperfect number or pseudoperfect number is a natural number n that is equal to the sum of all or some of its proper divisors. ...

Given 40, the Mertens function returns 0. 40 is the smallest number n with exactly 9 solutions to the equation φ(x) = n. In number theory, the Mertens function is where &#956;(k) is the Möbius function. ... 0 (zero) is both a number and a numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals. ... The first thousand values of Ï†(n) In number theory, the totient (n) of a positive integer n is defined to be the number of positive integers less than or equal to n and coprime to n. ...

Forty is the number of n-queens problem solutions for n = 7. One possible solution The eight queens puzzle is the problem of putting eight chess queens on an 8Ã—8 chessboard such that none of them is able to capture any other using the standard chess queens moves. ...

40 is a repdigit in base 3 (1111) and a Harshad number in base 10. In recreational mathematics, a repdigit is a natural number composed of repeated instances of the same digit, most often in the decimal numeral system. ... A Harshad number, or Niven number, is an integer that is divisible by the sum of its digits in a given number base. ...

## In science

It has been suggested that List of elements by atomic number be merged into this article or section. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zirconium, Zr, 40 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 5, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 91. ... Fig. ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686â€“1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ...

### Astronomy

The Messier objects are a set of astronomical objects catalogued by Charles Messier in his catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters first published in 1774. ... Winnecke 4 (also known as Messier Object 40 or WNC 4) is a double star in the constellation Ursa Major. ... The apparent magnitude (m) of a star, planet or other heavenly body is a measure of its apparent brightness; that is, the amount of light received from the object. ... When two stars are so nearly in the same direction as seen from Earth that they appear to be a single star to the naked eye but may be separated by the use of telescopes, they are referred to as a double star. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the Great Bear constellation. ... The New General Catalogue (NGC) is the most well-known catalogue of deep sky objects in amateur astronomy. ... NGC 40is a planetary nebula discovered by W.F.Herschel Nov 25 1788, and is comprised of hot gas around a dying star. ... NGC 6543, the Cats Eye Nebula A planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of a glowing shell of gas and plasma formed by certain types of stars at the end of their lives. ... A Saros cycle is a period of 6585 + 1/3 days (approximately 18 years 10 days and 8 hours) which can be used to predict eclipses of the Sun and the Moon. ... Photo taken during the 1999 eclipse. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... A lunar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon passes through some portion of the Earths shadow. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ...

## In religion

The number 40 is significant in Jewish, Christian, Islamic, and other Middle Eastern traditions, it can also represent a rough calculation huge sum of units. The word Jew ( Hebrew: &#1497;&#1492;&#1493;&#1491;&#1497;) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

• "Forty days and forty nights" describes the period for which rain fell during Noah's flood
• "Forty days" was the length of the period that the twelve spies explored the Promised Land (Numbers 13)
• "Forty years" was the length of Israel's wandering in the wilderness. This period of years represents a generation, that is, the time it takes for a new generation to arise.
• Moses' life is divided into three 40-year segments, separated by his fleeing from Egypt, and his return to lead the people out.
• Several Israelite leaders and kings are said to have ruled for "forty years", that is, a generation. (Examples: Eli, Saul, David, Solomon.)
• According to the Midrash, Moses spent three consecutive periods of "forty days and forty nights" on Mount Sinai:
1. He went up on the seventh day of Sivan, after God gave the Torah to the Jewish people, in order to learn the Torah from God, and came down on the seventeenth day of Tammuz, when he saw the Jews worshiping the Golden Calf and broke the tablets
2. He went up on the eighteenth day of Tammuz to beg forgiveness for the people's sin and came down without God's atonement on the twenty-ninth day of Av
3. He went up on the first day of Elul and came down on the tenth day of Tishrei, the first Yom Kippur, with God's atonement
• Rabbi Akiva, the greatest expositor of the Oral Torah, only began learning how to read Hebrew when he was 40 years old
• A mikvah consists of 40 se'ah (approximately 200 gallons) of water
• 40 lashes is one of the punishments meted out by the Sanhedrin (in actual practice, only 39 lashes were administered)
• "Forty days and forty nights" was the period Jesus spent fasting in the wilderness, after which he was tempted by Satan.
• Forty days was the period from Jesus' resurrection till his ascension into heaven.
• In modern Christian practice, Lent consists of the 40 days preceding Easter. In much of Western Christianity Sundays are excluded from the count; in Eastern Christianity Sundays are included.
• The dead are usually mourned for forty days in Muslim cultures
• Ad-Dajjal roams around the Earth in forty days, forty days that can be as many as forty months, forty years, and so on.
• Khadijah is said to be forty years old when she married Muhammad
• Muhammad is said to be forty years old when he first received the relevation delivered by an angel
• Some Russians believe that ghosts of the dead linger at the site of their death for forty days
• In Eternalism, 40 is believed to be the number of the Corrupter, the Anti-Christ in Christianity, and is formed from the numbers 18+1+6+6+9. This also spells Raffi with correct numero-alphabetic translation.

## In Islamic Culture

During both the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars, as well as in many instances in the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Islamic side has often reported casualties using the number "40". They may say that 40 Muslims or civilians were killed, or that 40 of their enemies were killed. This can reflect a desire to use a religiously significant number for propaganda purposes. It can also reflect the fact that "40" in the Arab world can simply mean "a lot" or "many", much in the same way that westerners use the term "dozens".

Forty is also:

## Historical years

40 A.D., 40 B.C., 1940, 2040, etc. Events Roman Empire Caligula embarks on a campaign to conquer Britain, and fails miserably. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 10s BC Years: 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC 40 BC 39 BC 38 BC 37... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... 2040 (MMXL) will be a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Results from FactBites:

 40 (number) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1082 words) Forty is an octagonal number, and as the sum of the first four pentagonal numbers, it is a pentagonal pyramidal number. 40 is a repdigit in base 3 (1111) and a Harshad number in base 10. The number 40 is significant in Jewish, Christian, Islamic, and other Middle Eastern traditions, it can also represent a rough calculation huge sum of units.
 CCARH Publications: Base 40 System (3083 words) A base-40 number line representation of pitch notation is suggested which makes it possible to incorporate information on pitch in one number, where the difference between two pitch numbers correctly determines the notated interval name between the corresponding pitches. Such a construction is defined by two numbers: the number of units in a fifth, and the number of units in the octave. The number representing the octave should be equal to or greater than the number of distinct pitches to be represented in the octave.
More results at FactBites »

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